关系代词关系副词用法知识讲解.docx

关系代词关系副词用法关系词(关系代词和关系副词)有时可以省略, 但这只限于限制性定语从句中,在非限制性定语从句中,关系词不可省1. 关系代词作宾语时的省略：当关系代词who, whom, which和that在定语从句中用作动词宾语或介 词位于句末时的介词宾语时, 可以省略Is there anything (that/which) you wanted?注意：当先行词为all, much, litt le以及不定代词any thing, some thing, every thing等时，关系 代词多用thatWho is the man (that/who/whom) you were talking to? This is the best novel (that) I have ever read.注意：当先行词的前面有形容词最高级、序数词或限定词the only, the very, all, every, any, no等时，关系代词一般都用that2. 关系代词作表语时的省略：当关系代词that在定语从句中作表语时，可以省略 China is not the country (that) it was.3•关系代词作宾补时的省略：当关系代词that在定语从句中用作宾语补足语时，可以省略。

I'm not the madman (that) you t hough t me. that 做宾补4•关系副词when的省略：用作时间状语的关系副词when通常不能省略，但有一种特殊情况，即用于 day, year, time等少数几个词后可以省略，也可换成thatThat was the year (when/that) I first went abroad. I'll never forget the day (when/that) we met.5. 关系副词where的省略：用作地点状语的关系副词where通常不能省略，但有一种特殊情况，即 用于place, somewhere, anywhere, everywhere, nowhere少数几个词后时才可以省略，也可换成 thatThis is the place (where/that) they met yesterday.Have you met somewhere (that) I can lie down for an hour?6. 关系副词why的省略：关系副词why通常只用于the reason后引导定语从句，且通常可换成that 或for which,均可省略。

That's the reason (why/for which/that) he came. 关系副词的特点：关系副词用于引出定语从句，英语的关系副词主要有when, where, why三个 Sunday is the day (when/that) very few people go to work.That's the reason (why/for which/that) he dislikes me.Do you know a shop where/that I can find sandals?注意：关系副词用于引出定语从句，且在从句中用作状语关系副词when表示时间，where表示地 点，why表示原因使用关系副词应注意的几点：1. how不能用作关系副词，不要想当然地将how用作关系副词置于the way后表示方式： This is the way how he spoke. (wrong)This is how he spoke. /This is the way (that/in which) he spoke. (right)This is the way that he solved the problem. =This is how he solved the problem.2. 关系副词when和where既可引导限制性定语从句，也可引导非限制性定语从句，但why只能引导限 制性定语从句，不能引导非限制性定语从句(若引导非限制性定语从句，可用for which reason)3•引导定语从句时，when的先行词为时间，where的先行词为地点，why的先行词为原因(主要是the reason),但是反过来却不一定Don't forge t the time (that) I've told you. 做宾语 Do you know the house (that) he bought recently? 做宾语Please tell me the reason (that) you know. 做宾语 关系代词引导的定语从句who, whom, which, that, whose在句中必做成分1) who, whom, that指人，在句中做主语或宾语，作宾语可省略Is he the man who/ that wants to see you? 做主语He is the man (whom/that) I saw yes terday. 做宾语2) which, that指物，在句中做主语或宾语，作宾语时可省略A prosperity which/ that had never been seen before appears in the countryside. 做主语 The package (which/that) you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. 做宾语3) whose表所属关系，指人或物。

指物可与of which互换，指人可与of whom互换They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down.=They rushed over to help the man of whom the car had broken down.=They rushed over to help the man the car of whom had broken down.Please pass me the book whose cover is green.=Please pass me the book the cover of which is green.=Please pass me the book of which the cover is green.关系副词引导的定语从句when, where, why1) 区别:及物动词后面无宾语， 用关系代词；不及物动词用关系副词This is the place (where/that) I lived once. where扌旨代 the place 充当地点状语This is the place (which/that) I visited once. which做 visit 的宾语，可省略I'll never forge t the days (which) we spend toget her. which 做 spend 的宾语，可省略 I'll never forge t the days (when/that) we live toget her in the cou ntry. whe n扌旨代 the days充当时间状语2) 关系副词含义相当于”介词+which”结构，可以互换，口语中可省略There are occasions when/that one must yield屈服.二There are occasions on which one must yield.Beijing is the place (where/that) I was born.二Beijing is the place on which I was born. Is this the reason (why/that) he refused our offer? = Is this the reason for which he refused our offer?3) that代替关系副词：that可以用于表示时间、地点、方式、理由的名词后取代when， where， why 和”介词+which”引导的定语从句，在口语中that常被省略。

His father died the year (that/when/in which) he was born.He is unlikely to find the place (where/that/in which) he lived forty years ago. 不能用that的情况1) 引导非限制性定语从句时，不能用thatThe tree， that is four hundred years old， is very famous here. (wrong，应用 which)2) 介词后不能用We depend on the land from which we got our food.=We depend on the land which/that we got our food from.只能用that的情况1) 在there be句型中，只用that,不用which2) 在不定代词如 any thing, no thing, the one, all, much, few, any, litt le 等做先行词时，只用 that3) 先行词有the only, the very修饰时，只用that4) 先行词为序数词、数词、形容词最高级时，只用that5) 先行词即有人， 又有物时当先行词是way时，关系副词常常省略。

I appreciate the way (that) you teach me.That作为关系副词所具备的功能，即代替when、where、why三大关系副词或介词+ which但这种代 替是有条件的，主要适用于表示时间、地点、原因、方式这四大类基本含义的先行词，即time(替代 when), place(替代 where), reason(替代 why), way(替代 in which)，其中 time 类的词汇最多，包 括若干下义词，如hour, evening, summer, year, moment等大概是因为这些词最基本、最常用， 所以在约定俗成的习惯下挣脱了原有关系副词的束缚此外，that还可以与speed, distance等先行 词连用，此时无法用where代替在非正式语体中，关系副词that是经常省略的正是基于这个原因，在论述”关系副词that的功 能”中笔者并未给出相关例句，因为在各语法书和词典关系中关系副词that总是有左右两个括号相伴We moved here the year (that/when) my mother died.I still remembered the summer (that) I walked around Paris.The reason I called was to ask about the plans for Saturday.There are so many delicious ways you can prepare chicken.This is the place (where) I lived five years.Do you know anywhere (that) I。