(华工)真空技术大事件.pdf

表一真空技术发展大事记1643年代1650发明者重大发明或著作EvangelistaTotricelli Vacuum in the 760 mm mereury column伊凡吉利斯坦·Totricelli 760毫米水银真空中柱Variation of Hg column with altitudeBlaise Pascal布莱士·帕斯卡l654Otto von Guericke汞柱和高度的变化Vacuum piston pumps, Magdeburg hemispheres奥托·冯·格里克l662真空活塞泵、马格德堡半球Prssure-volume law of ideal gasesRobert Boyle罗伯特·波义耳1679Edme MariottePrssure-volume理想气体的定律马利奥特；马略特1675A.L. LavoisierAtmospheric air. : a mixiure of nitrogen and oxygen拉瓦锡l783Daniel Bernoulli大气的成分：:氮、氧Kinetic theory of gases丹尼尔·伯努利1802气体动力学理论J.A. Charles J. Gay-LussacVolume temperaturc law of gases查尔斯吕萨克；薩克1810Medhurst盖·吕萨克定律Propose first vacuum post lines麦都思1811建议先真空岗位线Constant molecular density of gasesAmedeo Avogadro阿伏加德罗1843Clegg and Samuda恒分子密度的气体First vacuum railways (Dublin)克莱格和沙姆达首先真空铁路(爱尔兰)1850Geissler and Tocpler。

Mereury column vacuum pump盖斯勒1859J.K. Maxwell汞柱真空泵Gas molecule velocity laws气体分子速度定律l865SprengelMercury drop vacuum pump汞降真空泵l874H. McLeodCompression vacuum gauge压缩真空计1879T.A. EdisonCarbon filament, incandescent lamp碳丝,白炽灯l879W. CrookesCathode ray tube阴极射线管l881J. Van der WaatsEquation of state of real gases理想气体状态方程l893James DewarVacuum insulated flask真空绝缘瓶l895Wilhelm RocntgenX-rays .X 射线1902A. FlemingVacuum diode . .真空二极管Oxider-coated cathode氧化物涂敷阴极Rotary vacuum pump旋转真空泵l906Mareello PiraniThermal conductivity vacuum gauge热传导真空计Vacuum triode .真空三极管1909W.D. CoolidgePowder metallurgy of tungsten, Tungsten filament lamp粉末冶金,钨丝白炽灯Molecular flow of gases气体分子流1913W. GaedeMolecular vacuum pump分子真空泵l904Arthur Wehnelt1905Walfgang Gaede1907Lee de Forest1909M. Knudsen1915W.D. CoolidgeX-ray tubeX 射线管1915W. GaedeDiffusion pump扩散泵Gas filled incandescent lamp充气白炽灯1915Irving Langmuir1915Saul DushmanThe kenotron二极整流管1916Irving LangmuirCondensaiion diffusion pump冷凝扩散泵1916O.E. BuckleyHot cathode ionization gauge热阴极电离计1923F. HalweckMolecular pump分子泵Gas-ballast pump气镇泵1935W. Gaede1936Kcnneih HickmanOil diffusion pump油扩散泵1937F.M. PenningCold cathode ionization gauge冷阴极电离计Ultra-high vacuum gauge超高真空计1950RT. Bayard and D. Alpert1953HJ Schwartz, R.G. HcrbIon pumps离子泵表二 一般真空的区分度vacuumrangerough vacuumMedium vacuumHigh vacuumvery-highvacuumultra-high vacuumhard vacuumpressure range真空范围低真空中真空高真空甚高真空超高真空极高真空。