decisionmakingstrategies决策策略.doc

Florida Educational Leadership StandardsStandard 5: Decision Making StrategiesStandard 5: Decision Making Strategies 一 High Performing Leaders plan effectively, use critical thinking and problem solving techniques, and collect and analyze data for continuous school improvement.KnowledgeI have the knowledge and understanding of:• Decision making tools and processes of making decisions• Theories and models of decision making• Information sources, data collection, and data analysis strategies• Systems theory• Theories and models of organizations and the principles of organizational developmentDispositionsI believe in, value and am committed to:• Collaborative decision making• Making management decision to enhance leaning and teaching• Accepting responsibility for decisions• Involving stakeholders in appropriate decisions• The importance of continuing dialogue with other decision makers affecting education• Examining and considering the prevailing values of the divers school communitySkillsThroughout my internship experience and coursework at FGCU I have learned and evidenced through integrated essays and artifacts the following list. As an administrator I will facilitate processes and engage in activities ensuring that:• Facilitative leadership, effective group-process and consensus building skills are used in making group decisions• A systems approach used in making decisions• There is staff buy-in to decisions prior to implementation• A variety of sources of information is used to make decisions• Potential problems that require problem-solving are identified• Problems are confronted and resolved in a timely manner• Effective problem-framing and problem solving skills are used• Effective communication skills are used• Decisions are communicated to all stakeholders• Lines of communication are developed with decision makers outside the school community• Decisions are evaluated appropriately and results communicated to stakeholdersFlorida Educational Leadership Standard 5: Decision Making StrategiesCulture in an organization, is developed over a period of time in which an organization takes on particular norms, assumptions, and beliefs. The behavior of organizational members is influenced by interaction with the intangible characteristic of the organizations environment. Persons in an organization will approach internal and external problems with a consistent set of solutions that has continually worked for the group. New members are taught the inner workings of the solutions as the right way to perceive and think about problems. The basic assumptions and beliefs are shared by members of the organization, and will direct the way in which problems are approached and decisions are made (Owens & Valesky, 2007).School leaders will take part in two separate types of decision making; individual and organizational. Organizational leaders are expected to be decisive, be able to make decisions in that are well informed and ethically acceptable in a timely manner without delay. However, school administrators are also part of a larger organization which involves working with andthrough other people to reach the goals of the organization. Therefore, organizational decision making, in which stakeholders are involved in determining the behavior of the organization, are necessary to maintain an organizational culture that is founded on a shared vision for the organization (Owens & Valesky, 2007).Historically, decision making has been believed to be a scientific process that is orderly, rational, logical, and sequential. Western culture has continually supported the perception that large complex systems can be broken down into parts of a whole to explain problems within the organization and systematically organize a solution. Rational decision making models have stemmed from this way of thinking. Two notable contributors to the science of decisionmaking models are Herbert Simon and Peter. F. Drucker.Simon identified three major phases in the process of making decision; intelligence activity, in which a search of the environment reveals circumstances that require a decision; design activity, where alternative courses of action are thought up developed, and analyzed; and choice activity, where a course of action is selected from the options considered.Peter F. Drucker, created a list of five steps to help an administrator organize decision making. Those steps are: (1) define the problem, (2) analyze the problem, (3) develop alternative solutions,(4) decide on the best solution, and (5) convert decisions into effective actions (Owens & Valesky, 2007).In more recent decades it has become more widely understood that large organizations are complex, filled with uncertainty, instability, and uniqueness. This makes the task of applying science to understanding organization, unreliable. Decision making in an organization such as aschool may initially follow 。