人教社新课标高中英语必修四第二单元语法导学案(学生版).doc

1编号 GSWHYYBX4---Unit2—003文华高中高一英语必修 4Unit 2 Working the land (学生版)Module 3 Grammar: V-ing 形式作主语和宾语班级 ___________ 姓名__________ 组名_____________【学习目标】1. 知识目标：掌握 V-ing 形式作主语和宾语的基本用法 2. 技能目标：在专项练习中灵活运用所学规则3. 通过学习 V-ing 形式作主语和宾语的基本用法，让学生丰富句子内容，提高学生学习英语的兴趣教学重点】 V-ing 形式作主语和宾语的基本概念，结构和基本用法教学难点】 在实际做题中能够区分 V-ing, done 和 to do 的差别和用法学习过程】Step 1:【课前预习】 一、基本形式-ing 形式 主动语态 被动语态一般式 doing being done完成式 having done having been done1. I hate talking with such people. 我讨厌与这样的人说话2. He denied having taken any money from the cash register. 他否认从现金出纳机里拿了钱。

3. I don’t like being laughed at in public. 在公共场合下，我不喜欢被别人嘲笑4. I am very pleased at your having been honored with a medal. 我很高兴你能获得奖牌注意】：动名词的否定式：not + V-ingI regret not being able to help you. 我很抱歉不能帮助你Step 2： 【自主学习】 二、基本用法1．作主语★ 1） 直接位于句首做主语 Reading is an art. 读书是一种艺术 Climbing mountains is really fun. 爬山真是有趣Working in these conditions is not a pleasure but a suffering. 在这种工作条件下工作不是一件愉快的事而是一件痛苦的事注意】：单个的动词 ing 形式做主语时，谓语动词为 单数★ 2）用 it 作形式主语，把-ing 形式 (真实主语) 置于句尾作后置主语It is no use/no good crying over spilt milk. 覆水难收It is a waste of time persuading such a person to join us. 劝说这样的人加入真是浪费时间。

It was hard getting on the crowded street car. 上这种拥挤的车真难It is fun playing with children. 和孩子们一起玩真好注意】：It is + no use/no good/ a waste of time… + v-ing 2It is useless/senseless/fun/enjoyable/tiring//foolish/nice/ a pleasure… + v-ing 3） 用于“There be”结构中 There is no saying when he'll come.很难说他何时回来There is no joking about such matters. 对这种事情不是开玩笑There is no holding back the wheel of history. 历史的车轮不可阻挡注意】：常用句型：There is no + v.ing = It is impossible to do …在“There be”句型中，只能用动名词，而不能用不定式作主语4） 用于布告形式的省略结构中。

No smoking ( =No smoking is allowed (here) ). 禁止吸烟 No parking. 禁止停车2. 作宾语1）作动词的宾语★ 某些动词后只能用动词-ing 形式作宾语，不能用不定式常见的此类动词有：advise, suggest, allow, permit, avoid, consider, enjoy, finish, cannot help, imagine, include, keep, keep on, mind, miss, delay, practise, resist, postpone(推迟 )，deny( 否认), appreciate (欣赏，感激), escape, excuse, pardon, put off, give up 等Would you mind opening the window? 把窗户打开好吗？She suggested going to the Great Wall for the spring outing. 她建议去长城春游Mark often attempts to escape being fined whenever he breaks traffic regulations. 每当马克违反交通规则时，他常常企图逃避罚款的处分。

★ 在下面这种结构中 it 作形式宾语时，后面的动词 ing 形式才是真正的宾语：find/think/consider… + it（形式宾语） + no use/no good/useless… + v.ing（真正宾语）.I found it pleasant walking along the seashore. 在海滩上走真是乐事Do you consider it any good trying again? 你认为再试一次有好处吗？2）作介词的宾语★ 能接动词-ing 形式的有：think of/about, dream of/about, hear of, prevent/keep/stop…from…, depend on, set about, succeed in, worry about, burst out, insist on, be/get used to, devote…to…, look forward to, pay attention to, get down to, be good at, do well in, be fond of, be interested in, be tired of, be afraid of, spend…(in), feel like, prefer…to…, instead of, in case of 等。

We are thinking of making a new plan for the next term. 我们正考虑为下学期制定新的计划Shall we have a rest or get down to doing our work? 我们休息呢还是开始干活？Ann has been looking forward to coming to China for a long time. 安好久以来就盼望着来中国注意】：在下面的结构中，介词 in 常可省略：（1）S + have + trouble/difficulty/problems/fun/a struggle/ a good time/a hard time + (in) +v.ing（2）S + spend time/money + (in) +V-ing （3）S + be busy + (in) +V-ing3We are busy (in) preparing for the coming sports meet. 我们正为马上到来的运动会忙着做准备Do you have any difficulty (in) understanding spoken English? 要听懂英语口语你有困难吗？3）有些动词后既可以接动词-ing 形式，也可以接动词不定式（1）在 love, like, hate, prefer 等动词后，如果表示一般倾向，多用 V-ing 做宾语；如指特定的或具体的某次行为，多用不定式作宾语。

I like reading books in my spare time. I like to read that book.★（2）在 remember, forget, stop, try, regret, mean 等词后，既可接不定式又可动词 ing 形式，但意义不同a. remember doing 记得做过某事remember to do 记住去做某事d. try doing 试着做某事（看看会发生什么）try to do 努力（试图）做某事b. forget doing 忘记做过某事forget to do 忘记去做某事e. regret doing 对已做过的事表示后悔regret to do 对要做的是表示抱歉或遗憾c. stop doing 停止做某事stop to do 停止正在做的事去干别的事f. mean doing 意味着mean to do 打算做某事（3）permit, allow, advise, forbid 等词后如果不接某人就用动名词；如果后接某人做某事就用不定式作宾补。

They allow smoking here. 他们允许在这里抽烟The villagers didn’t allow them to do this. 村民们不允许他们做这件事★（4）表示“需要”意思的 want, need, require,等动词后以及值得表示“值得”意思的deserve，be worth 后可用主动形式表示被动含义The music is well worth listening to more than once. 这种曲子很值得多听几遍My watch needs repairing. = My watch needs to be repaired.3. 复合结构带有逻辑主语的动名词称为动名词的复合结构当动名词的逻辑主语与句子的主语不一致时，要在动名词之前加上物主代词或名词所有格，这便构成了动名词的复合结构Her coming to help encouraged all of us. 他来帮忙鼓舞了我们所有人That she came to help encouraged all of us.) Would you mind my/me using your computer? 用下你的电脑介意吗？Step 3： 【当堂检测】1. I like __________ very much, but I don’t like _________ this morning. A. swimming, swimming B. to swim, to swim C. swimming, to swim D. to swim, swimming 2. Little Jim should love __________ to the theatre this evening. A. to be taken B. to take C. being taken D. taking 3. ----“Did you close the door?” 。