毕业设计论文 外文文献翻译 防水材料.doc

Basic Requirements1. Class Hour3 lectures1 test2. Contents(1) Brief introduction to the classification and application of waterproof materials;(2) The basic components of waterproof materials-the composites, structure, technique properties, standard and choices of petroleum asphalt;(3) The classification, categories, appliance, grade, characteristics and the scope of uses of the new waterproof sheet.3・ Emphasis(1) The technical properties of petroleum asphalt;(2) The characteristics, major properties and choices of polymer modified polymer waterproof sheet and synthetic polymer waterproof sheet. 8.1 IntroductionWaterproof material is a kind of material used to prevent water from structure coat. It is an important component and necessary material which can prevent the permeation of rain, underground water and other kinds of water. There are two types of waterproof conformations, rigidity waterproof-waterproof concrete, and soft waterproof. Soft waterproof has three types: waterproof sheet, waterproof coating and joint materialOrdinary soft water proofing material can be divided three types:(1) Asphalt base water proofing material, low level, lied out gradually;(2) Polymer modified asphalt, medium level, used widely;(3) Synthetic polymer water proofing material-high level, the direction of development.So far, leakage is serious in our country, and it is urgent to enhance the quantity of waterproofing. The keys to solve problem are to reasonable design, careful construct and in-time protection. Whats more, the tenet of waterproof uses rigidity and soft waterproof commonly and defends on different coats. Waterproof material is developed in the direction of higher properties, multifunction and energy efficient.8.2 Basic Components of Water Proofing MaterialTOP8.2.1 Petroleum Asphalt1. IntroductionPetroleum asphalt is one kind of refined products according to crude oil distillation.Petroleum asphalt can be used to produce many kinds of corrosion resistance materials or in site petroleum asphalt directly.2. CompositeRelations between composite and property of petroleum asphalt in Tab.8.2.1.Tab.&2.1 Relations between composite and property of petroleum asphaltname of compositephysical propertyeffects on principal propertycolor state density (g/m3) molecular weightoil componentlight yellow liquid 0.7〜1 300~500red brownto make asphalt mobileasphaltic resinyellow semi-solid 1.0 〜1.1 600〜1000black brownto make asphalt adhesive, plastic and mobileasphaltenedeep brown solid more thanl more than 1000black powderto determine temperature stability and viscosity(1) 2〜3% of asphalt carbon and quasi-carbon compound is produced by cracking at high temperature. It has the largest formula weight and can reduce the adhesive ability.(2) Paraffin: It can reduce the adhesive ability, plastic properties and temperature stability. Solutions such as salt curing to treat oil with much paraffin can enhance soften point, reduce penetration degree and improve properties.3. Colloid structureSketch map of colloid structure are shown in Fig.821, colloid structure types and characteristics are shown in Tab.8.2.2.I-micelle 2-particial 3- oil component 4- external film 5- asphaltene 6-gel particial7-combined oil componentFig.8.2.1 Sketch map of colloid structure of petroleum asphaltTab.8.2.2 Colloid structure types and characteristicsstructure typescomposite and structurecharacteristics propertiessol typemore oil components and resin, thick external membrane of the micelle, free movement among micellesmore oil components and resin, thick external membrane of the micelle, free movement among micellessol-gel typecloser among micelles and have attractive force each otherbetweensol type and gel typegel typeLess oil components and resin, thin external membrane of the micelle, difficult movement among micellesbetter elasticity and viscosity, low temperature stability, mobility and plasticity4. Technical property(1) Waterproof propertyPetroleum asphalt has the characteristics: hydrophobic, compact structure, strong adhesive force and good plasticity. So it has good performance moisture-proofing and water proofing material(2) Viscosity%1 D efini tionIt refers to the property which can hinder the relative flow among asphalt, and it has an ability of deformation resistance against the outer force. It is an important index of petroleum asphalt properties.%1 Index and test methodViscosity can be expressed by absolute viscosity. But it is often replaced by relative viscosity because the test methods are complicate.Penetration degree: It refers to relative viscidity of solid and semi-solid petroleum asphalt.Instrument: penetrometer (Fig.8.2.2 and Fig.8.2.3)Conditions and methods: Put the lOOg load-standard needle into the 25 C specimen in 5 seconds. Read the depth of the penetrometer in the specimen. The unit 。