博士生综合英语Unit6.doc

Unit SixDeath and Justice New Words and Expressions: 1. clemency: n [U] (fml 文) 1 mildness (esp of weather) 温和（尤指天气）. 2 mercy (esp when punishing sb) 仁慈（尤指惩罚某人时）: He appealed to the judge for clemency. 他乞求法官开恩.2. aggravate: v [Tn] 1 make (a disease, a situation, an offence, etc) worse or more serious 使（疾病, 情况, 罪过等）恶化, 更坏, 加重, 加剧: He aggravated his condition by leaving hospital too soon. 他因过早出院而使病情恶化. 2 (infml 口) irritate (sb); annoy 激怒; 惹恼: He aggravates her just by looking at her. 他只是看著她就把她惹恼了.3. mutilate: v [Tn] injure, damage or disfigure (sb/sth) by breaking, tearing or cutting off a necessary part （折断、 撕去、 割掉某部分）使（某人[某事物]）损伤, 残缺, 外形损毁: The invaders cut off their prisoners' arms and legs and threw their mutilated bodies into the ditch. 侵略者把俘虏的四肢砍掉 , 然後把残缺不全的躯体扔进沟里. * A madman mutilated the painting by cutting holes in it. 有个疯子破坏了那幅画, 在上面捅了许多窟窿. * (fig 比喻) The editor mutilated my text by removing whole paragraphs from it. 那编辑把我的文稿整段整段删掉, 弄得面目全非.4. reverence: n 1 [U] ~ (for sb/sth) feeling of deep respect or (esp religious) veneration 尊敬; （尤指宗教的）崇敬: He removed his hat as a sign of reverence. 他脱下帽子表示敬意. * He felt/had/showed great reverence for Leonardo. 他非常崇拜列奥纳多.5. heinous: adj very wicked 极凶恶的:a heinous crime, criminal 十恶不赦的罪行、 罪犯.6. reprehensible：adj(fml 文) deserving to be reprehended 应受指责的: Your conduct/attitude is most reprehensible. 你的行为[ 态度]的确应该受到批评 . reprehend: v [Tn] (fml 文) criticize or rebuke (sb or sb's behaviour) 批评或指责（某人或某人的行为）.7. barbaric: adj (often derog 常作贬义) of or like barbarians; extremely wild, rough, cruel or rude 野蛮人的; 野蛮的; 极其粗野、粗鲁、残忍或残暴的: barbaric splendour, cruelty, taste 野蛮人的奇观、残忍、趣味.8. gallows: (also the gallows) n (pl unchanged; usu sing with sing v 复数不变, 通常作单数,与单数动词连用) wooden framework on which criminals are put to death by hanging 绞架: to send a man to the gallows, ie condemn him to death 把一男子送上绞架（处死）.9. hygienic: adj free from germs that cause disease; clean 卫生的 ; 清洁的: hygienic conditions 卫生的环境.> hygiene: n [U] study and practice of cleanliness as a way of maintaining good health and preventing disease 卫生（学） : Wash regularly to ensure personal hygiene. 要经常洗澡以保证个人卫生. * In the interests of hygiene, please do not smoke in this shop. 请勿在本店吸烟以利健康.10. chemotherapy: n [U] treatment of disease by drugs and other chemical substances 化学疗法.11. flagrant: adj (usu of an aciton) particularly bad, shocking and obvious （通常指行为）极坏的, 骇人听闻的, 公然的: a flagrant breach of justice 公然违反公正原则 * flagrant violations of human rights 对人权的粗暴践踏 .12. homicide: n 1 [U] killing of one person by another 杀人 : be accused of homicide 被控犯有杀人罪. 2 [C] person who kills another 杀人者.13. implacable: adj that cannot be changed or satisfied 不能变动的; 无法平息或安抚的: implacable hatred, fury, opposition 无法消解的仇恨、 愤怒、 对立 * an implacable enemy, rival, etc 势不两立的敌人、 竞争对手等.14. foe: n (fml or dated 文或旧 ) enemy 敌人15. chaplain: n clergyman attached to the chapel of a school, prison, etc, or serving in the armed forces （学校、 监狱、 军队等的）教士: an army chaplain 随军教士.16. strangle: v 1 [Tn] kill (sb) by squeezing or gripping the throat tightly; throttle 扼死, 勒死, 绞死, 掐死（某人）; 使窒息 : He strangled her with her own scarf. 他用她的围巾把她勒死了. * (infml 口) I could cheerfully strangle you for getting me into this mess! 你让我这样难堪, 我恨不得掐死你! * (fig 比喻) This stiff collar is strangling me, ie making it difficult for me tobreathe. 这硬领把我的脖子卡得喘不过气来. 2 (a) [Tn]restrict or prevent the proper growth, operation or development of (sth) 限制或阻止（某事物）的正常生长、 操作或发展: She felt her creativity was being strangled.她觉得她的创造力难以发挥. (b) [Tn usu passive 通常用於被动语态] restrict the utterance of (sth) 限制（某事物）的发声: a strangled (ie partly suppressed) cry 哽咽.17. penitentiary: n (US) federalor state prison for people who have committed serious crimes （联邦或州的）监狱18. median: adj (mathematics 数) situated in or passing through the middle 在中间的; 通过中点的: a median point, line, value 中点、 中线、 中值.19. sophistic: adj of or relating to sophists or sophistry; consisting of sophisms or sophistry; specious 诡辩的，巧辩的 sophism: n [C, U] (fml 文) (use of) such arguments 诡辩; 诡辩之辞20. proscribe: v [Tn] (fml 文 ) 1 state officially that (sth) is dangerous or forbidden 正式宣布（某事物）有危险或被禁止: The sale of narcotics is proscribed by law. 法律禁止贩卖毒品. 2 (formerly) place (sb) outside the protection of the law; outlaw （旧时）剥夺对（某人）的法律保护, 使失去法律保障.21. biblical: adj of or in the Bible 圣经的; 圣经中的: a biblical theme, expression 有关圣经的题目、言辞 * biblical times, language 圣经的时代、语言22. vindicate: v [Tn] (fml 文) 1 clear (sb/sth) of blame or suspicion 澄清（某人[某事物]）受到的责难或嫌疑: The report fully vindicated the unions. 这份报告充分说明工会是正确的. * I consider that I've been completely vindicated. 我认为已经证实了我完全无辜. 2 show or prove the truth, justice, validity, etc (of sth that has been disputed) 表明或证明（所争辩的事物）属实、 正当、 有效等: Subsequent events vindicated his suspicions. 後来的事实表明他的怀疑有道理. * Her claim to the title was vindicated by historians. 她说她有权得到这一头衔, 历史学家证明此事属实.23. ambivalent: adj having or showing mixed feelings about a certain object, person or situation 对某物, 某人或某境况具有或显示矛盾情感的:。