《中西文化对比》第十二章红楼梦--翻译中模糊语的美学意蕴.ppt

红楼梦（节选）—翻译中模糊语的美学意蕴,红楼梦,《红楼梦》是中国古典文学中最优秀的作品之一,它不仅具有深刻的思想价值,而且具有卓越的艺术成就,它把我国古典小说的语言艺术推到了一个至高极美的境界《红楼梦》堪称一部典型的美学体验小说,其语言艺术美体现在它的意境美、感情美、含蓄美以及形象美其中模糊语言的大量使用功不可没语用模糊,文学作品中作者运用语用模糊策略现象，也有助于刻画人物形象，突出人物个性，使作品中人物饱满鲜活，焕发独特的文学魅力，而分析这些语用模糊现象，也有助于认识这一言语交际策略的本质特征及实现方式，从而更贴切的把握作者的写作意图翻译中模糊语的美学意蕴,翻译所涉及的研究对象包括翻译中审美主体、审美客体、审美活动和审美标准等,也就是说翻译美学探讨的是原文、译文和翻译过程中一切美的因素要使译语读者获得和原语读者相同的美学感受,翻译就不是单纯的语言形式的转换,而是要求译者在深刻理解原文的基础上,对原文的艺术再创作一双丹凤三角眼，两弯柳叶吊梢眉，身量苗条，体格风骚，粉面含春威而不露，丹唇未起笑先闻一双丹凤三角眼，两弯柳叶吊梢眉，身量苗条，体格风骚，粉面含春威而不露，丹唇未起笑先闻1.She had the almond-shaped eyes of a phoenix, slanting eyebrows as long and drooping as willow leaves. Her figure was slender and her manner vivacious. The springtime charm of her powdered face gave no hint of her latent formidability. And before her crimson lips parted, her laughter rang out.（杨译）,2.She had, moreover, eyes like a painted phoenix, eyebrows like willow-eaves, a slender form, seductive grace; the ever-smiling summer face of hidden thunders showed no trace; the ever-bubbling laughter started almost before the lips were parted.（霍译）,“丹”理解为“描画过的”，模糊了“三角眼”,vivacious ：lively in temper, conduct, or spirit （活泼的）,seductive grace：诱人的雅致 更好的传递“体格风骚”的意象,直译 反逻辑 对西方读者而言难理解,as if her laughter could be heard before her crimson lips parted. 逻辑标：almost,三角眼：almond-shaped eyes,,,,,,,宝钗见他睁开眼说话，不象先时，心中也宽慰了好些，便点头叹道：“早听人一句话，也不至今日。

别说老太太，太太心疼，就是我们看着，心里也……”刚说了半句又忙咽住，自悔说的话急了，不觉的就红了脸，低下了头来Seeing he was now able to open his eyes and talk, Baochai nodded in relief. “If you’d listened to our advice, this wouldn’t have happened,” she sighed. “Now you’ve not only up set the old lady and your mother; when the rest of us see you like this, our hearts ache too…” She broke off abruptly, regretting her indiscretion, and hung her head with a blush. ——杨宪益、戴乃迭译,,,Baochai was relieved to see him with his eyes open and talking agan. She shook her head sadly. “If you had listened to what one said, this would never have happened. Everyone is so upset now. It isn’t only Grandmother and Lady Wang, you know. Even…” She checked herself abruptly, regretting that she had allowed her feelings to run away with her, and lowered her head blushing. ——霍克斯译,,,别说老太太，太太心疼，就是我们看着，心里也…… 1.when the rest of us see you like this, our hearts ache too…”,2.Everyone is so upset now. It isn’t only Grandmother and Lady Wang, you know. Even…”,,具体表达，抹去了语用模糊。

减少了读者的理解难度，但人物灵魂和及艺术形象的刻画略逊保留源语的模糊程度，使读者拥有更大的想象空间刚说了半句又忙咽住，自悔说的 急了，不觉的就红了脸，低下了头来1.She broke off abruptly, regretting her indiscretion, and hung her head with a blush. 2.She checked herself abruptly, regretting that she had allowed her feelings to run away with her, and lowered her head blushing.,,,1.汉语动词无主句结构—英语主谓结构 2.Indiscretion:an act or remark that is indiscreet， 清晰、适切 ，避免了词句冗长,1.汉语动词无主句结构—英语主谓结构 2.从句结构表达罗嗦，词句堆砌，过于繁冗,,,半日 ,方抽抽噎噎的说道:“你从此可都改了罢!”宝玉听说 ,便长叹一声 ,道 :“你放心，别说这样话 ,就便为这些人死了,也是情愿的 !” 第三十三回 手足耽耽小动唇舌 不肖种种大承笞挞,半日 ,方抽抽噎噎的说道:“你从此可都改了罢!”宝玉听说 ,便长叹一声 ,道 :“你放心，别说这样话 ,就便为这些人死了,也是情愿的 !” At long last she sobbed :“Never do such things again. ” Don’ t you worry , “ replied Baoyu with a long sigh. ” Please don’t talk this way. I would die happily for people like them , and I’m still alive. (杨译) Yet all she could get out ,after struggling for sometime with her choking sobs ,was: “I suppose you’ll change now. “Baoyu gave along sigh. Don’ t worry , I shalln’t change. People like that are worth dying for. I wouldn’t change if he killed me. (霍译),,,规劝？还是另有暗示？ 揣摩真正意图,让黛玉放心他会痛改前非,还是让黛玉放心他自己会继续与他们抗争下去？,罢——吧 杨译never完全否定，源语中的“吧”字所能表达出的不确切的语用含义被抹去,霍译选用了将来时态，并且选用“suppose”来进一步模糊想要表达的意思,因此源语的语用模糊在一定程度上得到了保留,杨译中“你放心”被翻译成“don’t you worry”, 表面上看似与源语紧扣,但是英语传达的意思完全是对黛玉的承诺。

霍译从该处的翻译来看, 变成了对黛玉的直接的回答，源语的语用模糊在译语中失去了第一个肌肤微丰,合中身材,腮凝新荔,鼻腻鹅脂⋯⋯” 杨: The first was somewhat plump and of medium height. Her cheeks were the texture of newly ripened lichee, her nose as sleek as goose fat.霍: The first girl was of medium height and slightly plumpish, with cheeks as white and firm as a fresh lychee and a nose as white and shiny as soap made from the whitest goose - fat. 原文对贾迎春的外表的描写用词语义模糊, 如:“微丰”、“合中”、“新荔”、“鹅脂”,两位译者均采用模糊词语“来表达原文的模糊概念作者借助模糊与朦胧之手法,引发读者联想与想象,译文“somewhat“,“ slightly”以及模糊限定词“as……as”保留一定的发挥自己想象能力和审美能力的空间,花谢花飞飞满天， 红消香断有谁怜？ 游丝软系飘春谢， 落絮轻沾扑绣帘。

As blossoms fade and fly across the sky,Who pities the faded red, the scent that has been?Softly the gossamer floats over spring pavilions,Gently the willow fluff wafts to the embroidered screen.——杨宪益译,The blossoms fade and falling fill the air,Of fragrance and bright hues bereft and bare?Floss drifts and flutters round the Maiden ’s bower,Or softly strikes against her curtained door.— —霍克斯译,花谢花飞飞满天As blossoms fade and fly across the sky（杨译）The blossoms fade and falling fill the air（霍译）,英文中常见的抑扬格,辅音f一共出现了三次，并且选用的词多为长元音或是双元音，宛如人的叹息之声,听觉上的加强，进而引发听者视觉上的联想,“fade”和“fly”构成英文特有的修辞手法“头韵”,“fly”与“sky”又构成尾韵，悦耳而富于乐感,意境的传递是文学翻译的关键。

模糊性事意境创造的本质特征也是文学艺术的重要特征之一试看春残花渐落, 便是红颜老死时 一朝春尽红颜老, 花落人亡两不知!,See, when spring draws to a close flower falls, This is the season when beauty must ebb and fade; The day that spring takes wing and beauty fade, Who will care of the fallen blossom or dead maid?——杨宪益译As petals drop and spring begins to fail, The bloom of youth, too, sickens and turns pale. One day, when spring has gone and youth has fled, The Maiden and the flowers will both be dead. ——霍克斯译,。