大学英语核心语法及长难句精讲班.doc

大学英语核心语法及长难句精讲第一章 动词概述一、谓语动词· 英语时态The first president of the US was George Washington, the second was John Adams, the third was Thomas Jefferson, and the sixteenth was Abraham Lincoln.Who is the president of the US?· George Washington· Abraham Lincoln· Thomas Jefferson· None of the above某一时间某一动作所呈现的状态我们学英语我们学过英语我们在学英语我们将学英语一般进行完成完成进行现在do/doesis/am/are doinghave/has donehave/has been doing过去didWas/were doingHad doneHad been doing将来will doWill be doingWill have doneWill have been doing过去将来0would studyWould be doingWould have doneWould have been doing一般现在时1) 经常性或习惯性的动作，常与表示频率的时间状语连用。

时间状语：every…，sometimes,　at…，on SundayI leave home for school at 7 every morning.，twice a week：我每天早晨7点离开家去学校，一周两次2) 客观事实，普遍真理The earth moves around the sun：地球绕着太阳转Shanghai lies in the east of China：上海位于中国的东部3) 表示格言或警句中Pride goes before a fall.　骄者必败注意：此用法如果出现在宾语从句中，即使主句是过去时，从句谓语也要用一般现在时例：Columbus proved that the earth is round：哥伦布证明了地球是圆的4) 现在时刻的状态、能力、性格、个性I don't want so much：我不想那么多Ann Wang writes good English but does not speak well：Ann Wang 的英文写得很好但说得不好比较：Now I put the sugar in the cup：现在我在杯子里放了糖I am doing my homework now（含义：我正在做我的家庭作业）注：用于操作演示或指导说明的示范性动作，表示言行的瞬间动作。

再如：Now watch me,I switch on the current and stand back. 第二句中的now是进行时的标志，表示正在进行的动作的客观状况，所以后句用一般现在时5﹞主将从现﹝主句用将来时 从句用现在时表将来﹞① I will tell you,When Li Ming comes（含义：当李明来的时候我会告诉你）② I'll e-mail you as soon as I get to Beijing（含义：我一到达北京就发电子邮件给你）注 ：一般从句为时间状语从句「由When As soon as...引导的从句」条件状语从句「由If...引导的从句」6)表示按计划，规定要发生的动作，但仅限于少数动词如：begin,come,leave,go等The meeting begins at seven：会议七点开始一般过去时1）在确定的过去时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态时间状语有：yesterday,last week,an hour ago,the other day,in 1982等Where did you go just now（含义：你刚才去哪里了？）2）表示在过去一段时间内，经常性或习惯性的动作。

When I was a kid,I often played football in the street（含义：当我还是个孩子的时候，我经常在街上踢足球）Whenever the Browns went during their visit,they were given a warm welcome（含义：布朗一家无论什么时候去，都受到热烈的欢迎）3）句型：It is time for sb. to do sth　"到某人做某事时间了"　"某人该……了"It is time sb. did sth. "时间已迟了"　"早该……了"It is time for you to go to bed：你该睡觉了It is time you went to bed：你早该睡觉了would (had) rather sb. did sth.　表示'宁愿某人做某事'I'd rather you came tomorrow（含义：我宁愿你明天来）4) wish,wonder,think,hope 等用过去时，作试探性的询问、请求、建议等I thought you might have some（含义：我以为你想要一些）比较：一般过去时表示的动作或状态都已成为过去，现已不复存在。

Christine was an invalid all her life(含义：她已不在人间)Christine has been an invalid all her life(含义：她现在还活着)Mrs. Darby lived in Kentucky for seven years.(含义：达比太太已不再住在肯塔基州)Mrs. Darby has lived in Kentucky for seven years.( 含义：现在还住在肯塔基州，有可能指刚离去)注意：用过去时表示现在，表示委婉语气1）动词want,hope,wonder,think,intend 等Did you want anything else：你还有什么事吗？I wondered if you could help me：不知你能不能帮我个忙2）情态动词could,would.Could you lend me your bike：你能借给我你的自行车？11．3 used to / be used toused to + do："过去常常"表示过去习惯性的动作或状态，但如今已不存在Mother used not to be so forgetful：妈妈过去不是这样健忘Scarf used to take a walk.　(过去常常散步)be used to + doing：对……已感到习惯，或"习惯于"，to是介词，后需加名词或动名词。

He is used to a vegetarian diet：他习惯于素食Scarf is used to taking a walk.(现在习惯于散步)典型例题---- Your phone number again? I ___ quite catch it.---- It's 69568442.A. didn't　B. couldn't　C. don't　D. can't答案（A）：本句虽没有明确的时间状语，但从语意上看出，在听的时候没有听懂这个动作发生在过去，因此应用过去时一般将来时1)　shall用于第一人称，常被will 所代替will 在陈述句中用于各人称，在争求意见时常用于第二人称Which paragraph shall I read first：我应该先读哪一段？Will you be at home at seven this evening：你今晚七点在家吗？2)　be going to +不定式，表示将来a.主语的意图，即将做某事What are you going to do tomorrow：你打算明天干什么？b. 计划，安排要发生的事The play is going to be produced next month：该活动在下个月举行c. 有迹象要发生的事Look at the dark clouds,there is going to be a storm：看那些乌云，暴风雨就要来了3)　be +不定式表将来，按计划或正式安排将发生的事。

We are to discuss the report next Saturday：我们下星期六将讨论这份报告4)　be about to +不定式，意为马上做某事He is about to leave for Beijing：他要去北京注意：be about to 不能与tomorrow,next week 等表示明确将来时的时间状语连用be going to / will用于条件句时， be going to　表将来will　表意愿If you are going to make a journey,you'd better get ready for it as soon as possible.如果你要去旅行，你最好尽快准备好Now if you will take off your clothes,we will fit the new clothes on you in front of the mirror.现在如果你愿意脱下你的衣服，我们将在镜子前为你穿上新衣服be to和be going tobe to 表示客观安排或受人指示而做某事be going to 表示主观的打算或计划。

I am to play football tomorrow afternoon.　(客观安排)明天下午我要去踢足球I'm going to play football tomorrow afternoon. (主观安排)一般现在时表将来1）下列动词：come,go,arrive,leave,start,begin,return的一般现在时表将来这主要用来表示在时间上已确定或安排好的事情The train leaves at six tomorrow morning：火车明天上午六点开—When does the bus star? 汽车什么时候开？—It stars in ten minutes. 十分钟后2）倒装句，表示动作正在进行，如：Here comes the bus. = The bus is coming.There goes the bell. = The bell is ringing.3）在时间或条件句中When Bill comes (不是will come),ask him to wait for me：当比尔来了，让他等我I'll write to you as soon as I arrive there：当我到达那里时，我会写信给你4）在动词hope,take care that,make sure that等后。

I hope they have a nice time next week：我希望他们下星期玩得愉快Make s。