语法：宾语从句和定语从句.doc

精选优质文档-----倾情为你奉上定语从句和宾语从句一、定语从句 在复合句中，修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句，被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词，引导定语从句的有关系代词 who, whom, whose, which, that等和关系副词where, when, why等，关系代词和关系副词在定语从句中担任句子成份 1、由who引导的定语从句中，who用作主语，如 ： This is the boy who often helps me. 2、由whom引导的定语从句中，whom用作宾语，如：The man whom you are waiting for has gone home. 3、由whose引导的定语从句中，whose用作定语，如 ： Do you know the girl whose skirt is white? 4、由which引导的定语从句中，which用作主语或谓语动词的宾语或介词的宾语 如：The room in which there is a machine is a work shop. The river which is in front of my house is very clean. This is the pen which you want. 注意：(1)whom, which用作介词宾语时，介词可放在whom、which之前，也可放在从句原来的位置上；但在含有介词的动词固定词组中，介词只能放在原来的位置上。

如：He is the very person whom we must take good care of. (2)引导非限制性定语从句时，必须用关系代词which，不用that,如：I have lost my bag, which I like very much. (3)关系代词在句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词的人称和数必须和先行词保持一致 5、由that引导的定语从句中，that可以指人或物，在从句中作主语或谓语动词的宾语，但不能放在介词后面作介词宾语，如：The book that I bought yesterday was written by Lu Xun. 注意在下面几种情况下必须用 that引导定语从句 (1)先行词是不定代词all, few, little, much, something, nothing, anything等， 如 ：All that we have to do is to practice English. (2)先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰，如：The first letter that I got from him will be kept. (3)先行词被all, any, every, each, few, little, no, some等修饰，如：I've eaten up all the food that you gave me. (4)先行词被the only, the very, the same, the last修饰时，如：He is the only person that I want to talk with. (5)先行词既有人又有物时，如：They talked about persons and things that they met. (6)当句中已有who/which重复，如：Who is the man that is giving us the class? 6、由when, where, why引导的定语从句，如：I don't know the reason why he was late. This is the place where we have lived for 5 years. I'll never forget the day when I met Mr. Li for the first time. 注意：先行词是表示地点时，如果从句的谓语动词是及物的，就用 that(which)，如果从句的谓语动词是不及物的，就用where引导。

This is the house Which /that he has lived in for 15 years.(Where he has lived for 15 year.) 二、宾语从句1、Whether 不能换为if的情况 He asked me whether or not I was thirsty. （该句中的whether不能换成if，因为if不能与or连用 2、语序例外的特例 What's the matter ? 作为宾语从句时有两种前况当它的解释是“怎么了？”时，语序不要变化当它的解释是 “ 这是什么物质？”时，要变为陈述句语序如： The teacher asked the students what the matter was. The teacher asked the students what was the matter ? 3、宾语从句否定意义的转移 在think , believe , suppose, imagine等动词所跟的宾语中，如果从句谓语是否定的，一般要将否定词not转移至主句谓语上去，而将从句谓语改为肯定形式。

如： 4、关于反意疑问句在由宾语从句作为陈述部分的反意疑问句中，其疑问部分的构成方法是：“结构看从句，肯定否定看主句” 如： He thought it was late , wasn't it ? 5、宾语从句和状语从句的分辩if 引导的宾语从句或状语从句， when引导的宾语从句或状语从句 历年中考题40. The boy _____ lost his backpack has to borrow books from his teachers.（06厦门）A. who B. whose C. which45. The blouse________ is made of silk is very expensive. I can't afford it. (05厦门） A. that B. what C. because 38. – Alice, Rita called you just now when you were out. – Did she say when ______ me again, Dad?（07厦门）A. she will call B. would she call C. she would call39. ---Where will we meet? ---Sorry? ---I asked _____meet.（06厦门）A. where we would B. when we would C. where will we43. — Do you know________ I could pass the exam?— Sorry, I have no idea. （05厦门）A. that B. whether C. what D. which44. — Could you tell me________?— She came here on foot.（05厦门）A. where Kate came from B. when Kate came here C. how Kate came here D. why Kate didn't come here45. —Do you know_________?—He is a driver. （04厦门） A. who is he B. who he is C. what is he D. what he is练习一、试试你的判断力，选择正确的答案。

1. I'll never forget the days _____I stayed with you. A. when B. in which C. that D. for which 2. The book______ is sold out at the moment. A. you need B. what you need C. which you need it D. that you need it 3. Is this the place ______Lincoln once lived. A. that B. which C. where D. when 4. Is this the museum ______ they visited last month? A. what B. where C. which D. the one 5. The man ______ coat is black is waiting at the gate. A. who's B. whose C. that D. of which 6. The young man ____ is an engineer of my factory. A. that you just talked B. whom you just talked to C. which you just talked D. who you just talked 7. —I don't know _____ Mr. Green will come to see us. —He will help us with our English. A. why B. when C. how D. where 8. —We never know _____ the old man is. —They say he is a teacher. A. what B. who C. which D. where 9. 一Tom, can you tell me ? －Sorry, I don’ t know. A. how many people have been here B. when is the meeting C. why did they decide to do it. D.how is it10. －What did your PE teacher say about your high jump at the sports meeting? 一He said that I better. A. can do B. am C. could do D.will do11. Do you know ?A if it will be fine tomorrow 。