
句子结构的转换.pdf
6页句子结构的转换有时有些词,通过引申、词性转换和句子成分的转换还是不能表达原文的真实涵义, 那就要突破原文的形式, 改变句子的整个结构 这是翻译中必不可少的手段下面就一些常用的转换法略举数例加以说明1.主语转译法(1)主语是动名词或表示动作意义的名词,作用在说明动作的原因、 条件、时间等因此,常把它译成状语从句, 而把它后面处于宾语的名词或答词译成主语Pressure of work has somewhat delayed my answer. 由于工作很忙,回复稍迟了些The mere sight of it turned one's mind. 只消看它一眼,人们就会动心如主语是动名词,谓语make, cause, offer, bring, help, allow, permit, require, give, compel一类动词,可根据句子意义,译成条件结果句例如:Another hour's ride will bring us to the village. 只要再走一小时,我们就可以到达那个小村2)主语虽不是动名词,但是主语及其修饰词在一起也能够说明动作的原因、条件、时间等作用。
这类句子也按上述办法处理Fast modern airplanes have made the world seem a smaller space. 有了现代化的飞机,世界似乎比以前小了Special design of the rear bearing allows for exchange V-belts without the necessary of removing the spindle. 由于后轴承的设计特别,更换三角皮带,无需取下主轴3)表示时间、地点、范围的名词与某些特定的动词连用,常表示动作发生的时间、地点、场所翻译是可将主语译成状语The world has witnessed different roads to modernization 世界上已有了不同的现代化道路2.成分分译法分译法的要领是,把原文中较长的句子成分,或不易安排的句子成分分出来另做处理,一般译成汉语短语或独立句下面着重介绍一些常见的分译法1)主语分译是指把带定语的主语分译成依据通常把主语的定语移做谓语例如:Lower temperature is associated with lower growth rates. 温度一低,生长速度就慢下来。
The very short wave lengths of ultrasound make a great difference in what ordinary sound waves can do. 超声波的波长极短,其功能与普通声波相比大不相同2)谓语分译谓语分译是翻译带形式主语it 的主语从句的一种常用法翻译时,先把主句的谓语分译成一个独立语,然后再译从句It is obvious that he means well. 很显然,他的用意是好的It is common knowledge that weight is a pull exerted on an object by the earth. 众所周知,重量是地球作用在物体上的引力3)定语分译英语的定语与汉语不同它可以位于名词之后,因此其长度不受限制,可以扩展得很长 汉语只有前置定语, 一般不宜过长, 所以对原文中较长的后置定语的翻译,往往采取分析法 这里只着重介绍介词短语和分词短语以及几个形容词同时做定语时的分译情况Fossils are early plants or animals once buried in earth, now hardened like rock. 化石是过去埋在地下,现在已像岩石一样硬化了的植物和动物。
She sat with her hands cupping chin, staring at a corner of the little kitchen. 她坐在那儿双手托着下巴,眼睛凝视着小厨房的一角He was a tall, thin, elegant man with the air of thorough-bred. 他身材修长,温文尔雅,风度翩翩4)状语分译下面着重介绍副词、介词短语和不定式短语作状语时的分译情况Illogically, she had expected some kind of miracle solution. 她满想会有某些奇迹般的解决办法,这是不合情理的事副词译成句子)Their power increased with their number. 他们人数增加了,力量也随之增加介词短语译成句子)He arrived in Washington at a ripe moment internationally. 他来到华盛顿,就国际形势而言,时机正合适介词短语译成句子)Heat is required to change ice to water. 冰变成水,就需要热。
不定式译成句子)3.句子变换法翻译时,有时为了通顺、易懂、紧凑、生动起见,改变原文句子结构现略举几种常见的句子变换实例作说明He was very clean. His mind was open. 他为人单纯而坦率His father had a small business in the city of Pisa. This city is in the north of Italy near the sea. 他的父亲在意大利北部近海的比萨做小生意Then we came to the grasslands. Marshes everywhere.No birds!No trees!No house!Not a soul to be seen. 然后,我们来到草地,到处是沼泽,没有飞鸟,没有树木,没有房舍,没有人烟When I negotiate, I get nervous. 我在谈判时总有些紧张One must have studied hard before one could succeed in mastering a foreign language. 一个人必须勤学苦练,才能精通一种外国语。
Be a pupil before you become a teacher. 先做学生,再做先生3)定语从句译成状语从句有些因故定语从句, 兼有状语从句的职能, 在意义上与主句有状语关系,说明原因、结果、目的、让步、假设等翻译者应善于从原文的字里行间发现这些逻辑上的关系,然后译成汉语各种相应的复句The ambassador was giving a dinner for a few people whom he wished especially to talk to or to hear from. 大使只宴请了几个人,因为他特地想和这些人谈谈,听听他们的意见表示原因)Chinese trade delegations have been sent to Asian-African countries who will negotiate trade agreements with the respective governments. 中国派了贸易代表团往亚非各国,以便与各国政府商谈贸易协定表示目的)There was something original, independent, and heroic about the plan that pleased all of them. 这方案富于创造性,独出心裁,很有魄力,所以他们都很喜欢。
表示结果)He insisted on building another house, which he had no use for. 他坚持要再造一栋房子,尽管他并无此需要表示不让步)A man is nothing who yields his purpose. 如果一个人放弃自己的目的,就成为一个不堪造就的人了。