(完整版)英语被动语态语法讲解.doc

初中被动语态语法讲解(一) 语 态 分 类英语动词有两种语态.，主动语态和被动语态主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者如： They will build a new bridge over the river. (主动)A new bridge will be built over the river. (被动)汉语中常用“被”、“给”、“由”、“受”等词用来表示被动，而英语用：助动词be + 及物动词的过去分词构成二) 被动语态的时态、人称和数的变化主要体现在be的变化上，其形式与系动词be的变化形式完全一样以 give 为例，列表如下：一般现在时：am / is / are + done 一般过去时：was / were + done一般将来时：shall / will + be done 一般过去将来时：should / would + be done现在进行时：am / is / are + being + done 过去进行时：was / were + being + done现在完成时：have / has + been + done 过去完成时：had + been + done将来完成时：shall /  will + have been + done 过去将来完成时：should / would + have been + done  ［注］被动语态没有将来进行时和过去将来进行时。

三)常见的八种时态中的被动语态1. 一般现在时：(1)People grow rice in the south of the country. Rice is grown in the south of the country.(2)The school doesn't allow us to enter lab without a teacher. We are not allowed to enter lab without a teacher.2. 一般过去时：(1)They agreed on building a new car factory last month. a new car building factory was agreed on last month.(2)The students didn't forget his lessons easily. His lessons were not easily forgotten3. 一般将来时：(1)They will send cars abroad by sea. Cars will be sent abroad by sea.(2)They will give plenty of jobs to school-leavers. Plenty of jobs will be given to school-leavers.5. 现在进行时：(1)The radio is broadcasting English lessons. English lessons are being broadcasted on the radio.(2) We are painting the rooms. The rooms are being painted.6. 过去进行时：(1)The workers were mending the road. The road was being mended.(2)This time last year we were planting trees here. Trees were being planted here this time last year.7. 现在完成时：(1)Someone has told me the meeting might be put off. I have been told the meeting might be put off.(2)He has brought his book here. His book has been brought here. (四）含有情态动词的被动语态：含有情态动词的被动语态是由“情态动词+ be+ 及物动词的过去分词”构成。

1)You must hand in your homework after class. Your homework must be handed in after class.(2)He can write a letter with the computer. A letter can be written with the computer by him.(五) 被 动 语 态 的 使 用1.当不知道或没有必要指出动作的执行者时，常用被动语态，这时往往不用by 短语  “Mr. White, the cup was broken after class. ”2.突出或强调动作的承受者，如果需要说出动作的执行者，用by 短语These records were made by John Denver. The cup was broken by Paul.3.当主语既不是动作的执行者，也不是动作的承受者时，这时常用in + 名词作状语，而代替 by 短语  These cars were made in China.(六)主动语态变被动语态的方法（1）  My aunt invited   me   to her dinner party. 主语    谓语   宾语→   I   was invited  (by my aunt ) to her dinner party. 主语   谓语         宾语（2） The school set up a special class to help poor readers.→   A special class to help poor readers was set up in the school.1.把主动语态的宾语变成被动语态的主语。

2.把主动语态的谓语变成被动语态的be + 过去分词，时态要与原句保持一致3.把主动语态的主语变为介词by 的宾语，放在被动语态里谓语动词之后，by 短语可以省略如果原句主语是地点名词，在被动语态中用in + 地点名词作状语七)语态转换时所注意的问题1. 把主动语态变为被动语态，其谓语动词的时态要与原句时态保持一致，其谓语动词的数要与新主语保持一致We have bought a new computer.A new computer has been bought. A new computer have been bought.  (错误)2. 含有双宾语的主动句变被动句时，可分别将其中的一个宾语变为主语，另一个不动，一般变间接宾语为主语时比较多My uncle gave me a present on my birthday. I was given a present on my birthday.如果把直接宾语(指物)改为主语，则在间接宾语(指人)前加适当的介词，如上句还可以说：  A present was given to me yesterday.注意：1.一般在下列动词后，常在间接宾语前用介词 to，如：bring, give, hand, lend, offer, pass, pay, promise, sell, show, take, teach, tell 等。

1) The book was showed to the class. (2) My bike was lent to her.2.一般在下列动词后，间接宾语前用介词 for, 如： build, buy, cook, cut, choose, do, fetch, find, fix, get, keep, make, order, paint, play, sing 等1) A new skirt was made for me.(2) The meat was cooked for us.(3) Some country music was played for us.          3. 由动词+ 介词或副词构成的短语动词，要把它们作为整体看，即把它们看成一个及物动词，介词或副词不可拆开或漏掉这类动词有：不及物动词+ 介词，如: agree to, ask for, laugh at, operated on, listen to, look after, think of, talk about 等The patient is being operated on. The problem is solved. It needn't be talked about.及物动词+ 副词：如：bring about, carry out, find out, give up, hand in, make out, pass on, point out, put away, put off, think over, turn down, work out, turn out 等。

  His request was turned down.The sports meet will be put off because of the bad weather4. 带复合宾语(宾语+ 宾补)的动词改为被动语态时，一般把主动结构中的宾语改为主语，而宾语补足语保留在谓语动词后面如：(1) We always keep the classroom clean.→The classroom is always kept clean.(2) She told us to follow her instructions.→We were told to follow her instructions.注意：在see, watch, hear, notice, listen to, look at, make, feel等动词后作宾语补足语的动词不定式都不带 to，但改成被动语态后都带to，这时不定式为主语补足语，也就是说不定式作主语补足语不存在省略to 的问题 We often hear him play the guitar.→He is often heard to play the guitar.5. 当主动句的主语是nobody, no one等含有否定意义的不定代词时，被动句中将其变为anybody,作by的宾语，并将谓语动词变为否定的被动语态。

如： Nobody can answer this question.误：The question can be answered by nobody. 正：The question can not be answered by anybody.6. 当否定句中的宾语是anything, anybody, a。