胡安国“夏时冠周月”考论.pdf

湘潭大学 硕士学位论文 胡安国“夏时冠周月”考论 姓名：吴强 申请学位级别：硕士 专业：中国哲学 指导教师：邓辉 20080520 I 摘 要 胡安国传《春秋》 ，解“春王正月” ，提出孔子以“夏时冠周月”之说自此 之后，学界的反应不一譬如宋人朱熹、元人赵汸、明人姜宝，清人毛奇龄等主 张《春秋》记事书“春王正月”是用“周时冠周月” ；再如宋人家铉翁、陈深等 主张《春秋》记事书“春王正月”是用“夏时冠夏月” 此外，还有主张存疑者， 如元人郑玉解“春王正月”称考之于经终无定说，姑阙之以俟知者近代以来， 问津此问题者廖若晨星，研究专著更是付诸阙如，而厘清此问题的来龙去脉、是 非曲直又实属必要故本篇论文拟以《胡氏春秋传》所提出的孔子以“夏时冠周 月”的理论为核心研究对象，立足现有研究成果的基础上，分上、下两篇，考究 其源流、辨其是非，并阐述其义理 上篇包括三部分，第一部分解释胡安国“夏时冠周月”理论的基本内涵第 二部分探讨胡安国“夏时冠周月”理论的渊源，分别分析了其源于孔子“行夏” 及伊川传《春秋》之说第三部分阐述了后世学者对此所持的不同观点，并经笔 者对《春秋》经文、 《左传》 、 《毛诗》 、 《尚书》 、 《周礼》 、 《礼记》 、 《孟子》等七 种材料中所涉及的夏、 周两代历法问题的考证， 证实了 《春秋》 记事已改时改月， 辨明了胡安国此说之缺失。

下篇亦分为三部分首先通过分析《春秋》记事这一历法问题，揭示胡安国 “假天时”所立之“义” ：谨“夷夏之辨”而别宋金，明“君臣之义”而杜朋党， 立“复仇之义”以抗金人，欲“天下为公”而复王道，提倡“大一统”以固中央 集权 将《春秋》的“微言大义”从伦理道德的层次提升到哲理化的高度，把《春 秋》学纳入了理学的范围其次进一步阐述了胡安国“夏时冠周月”理论的两大 特点，彰显了其史事义理化与经世致用的治学路径胡安国于《春秋》历史中阐 述义理，又借义理评判两宋之际的历史史实，从而在经验性的事实中印证义理的 价值 最后论述了胡安国 “夏时冠周月” 理论对湖湘学派及后世学者研究 《春秋》 的影响 关键词： 胡安国；春秋学； 《春秋传》 ；夏时冠周月关键词： 胡安国；春秋学； 《春秋传》 ；夏时冠周月 II Abstract Hu Anguo, a scholar of Song Dynasty, put forward a theory of xiashi guan zhouyue in his studies of Chunqiu(The spring and Autumn Annals). The theory suggested that Chunqiu adopted a mixed calendar system, in which the four seasons were referred back to the calendar of Xia Dynasty and the months the calendar of Zhou Dynasty. The theory had encountered different reactions from then on. For example, Song Dynasty scholar Zhu Xi, Yuan Dynasty scholar Zhao Pang, Ming Dynasty scholar Jiang Bao, Qing Dynasty scholar Mao Qilin adopted a mixed calendar system, in which the four seasons and the months were referred to the calendar of Zhou Dynasty. But Song Dynasty scholar Jia Xuanweng and Chen Shen adopted a mixed calendar system, in which the four seasons and the months were referred back to the calendar of Xia Dynasty. In addition, Some scholars didn’t advocate any comments. Such as the Yuan Dynasty Zheng Yu didn’t know which perspective should be adopted after he verified the classical text. Until modern times, few scholars study this theory and there is no research work. Therefore, it’s necessary to find out the sequence of ideas. This paper intended to adopt the theory of xiashi guan zhouyue in his studies of Chunqiu as the core subjects. Based on the existing research achievement, we divided the paper into two parts to investigate its origine and development by the textual research method. The part one make up of three chapters. The first chapter explains the basic content of this theory of xiashi guan zhouyue in Hu Anguo’s studies of Chunqiu. The second chapter finds out the origin of this theory by analyzing Confucius's theory of using Xia Dynasty calendar and Yichuan’s theory of xiashi guan zhouyue in his studies of Chunqiu. The third chapter summarizes four different points of view which has already been mentioned in the above. However, we confirm that the season and the month have been changed in Chunqiu through researching on Chunqiu, Zuozhuan, Maoshi, Shangshu, Zhouli, Liji and Mencius which concern the issue of Xia Dynasty calendar and Zhou Dynasty calendar. At last, we prove that what Hu Anguo said is wrong. The next part is also divided into three chapters. Firstly, we reveal Hu Anguo’s thought in his studies of Chunqiu through analysing the calendar issue in Chunqiu. He emphasized Yi Xia Debate to discriminate Song and Jin, clarified the truth between the monarch and the Minister to exterminate the partisan struggle, expounded the III truth of revenge to resist Jin regime, established a Co-owned world to restore the king Dao, promoted the unification to strengthen the center dictatorship. As a result, his thought are improved from the level of ethics to the high of philosophy. Secondly, We analyze the characteristics of the theory of xiashi guan zhouyue in Hu Anguo’s studies of Chunqiu. We discuss two major characteristics in this theory which are clarifying his idea in the history and practicing his idea in reality. Hu Anguo illuminated his thought in the history of Chunqiu to judge the historical events of Song Dynasty, thus confirming the worth of his argumentation. Finally, we discuss that the theory of xiashi guan zhouyue in Hu Anguo’s studies of Chunqiu make a notable impact on the Huxiang school and the later scholars who explained Chunqiu. Key words: Hu Anguo; the Science of Chunqiu; Commentaries on Chunqiu; Xiashi guan zhouyue 湘潭大学湘潭大学 学位论文原创性声明学位论文原创性声明 本人郑重声明：所呈交的论文是本人在导师的指导下独立进行研究所 取得的研究成果。

除了文中特别加以标注引用的内容外，本论文不包含任 何其他个人或集体已经发表或撰写的成果作品对本文的研究做出重要贡 献的个人和集体，均已在文中以明确方式标明本人完全意识到本声明的 法律后果由本人承担 作者签名： 日期： 年 月 日 学位论文版权使用授权书学位论文版权使用授权书 本学位论文作者完全了解学校有关保留、使用学位论文的规定，同意 学校保留并向国家有关部门或机构送交论文的复印件和电子版，允许论文 被查阅和借阅本人授权湘潭大学可以将本学位论文的全部或部分内容编 入有关数据库进行检索，可以采用影印、缩印或扫描等复制手段保存和汇 编本学位论文 涉密论文按学校规定处理 作者签名： 日期： 年 月 日 导师签名： 日期： 年 月 日 1 引 言 胡安国，字康候，谥文定北宋建宁府崇安县（宋时本建州，今属福建武夷 山市）人生于宋神宗熙宁七年（公元 1074 年）九月二十二日 ①，卒于宋高宗绍 兴八年（公元 1138 年）四月十三日 ②，享年六十五岁③关于胡安国一生的著述， 陈振孙《直斋书录解题》称其著“ 《春秋传》三十卷、 《通例》一卷、 《通旨》一 卷” ④；马端临《文献通考·经籍考》称“胡安国《春秋传》 、 《通例》 、 《通旨》 共三十二卷” ⑤；王应麟《玉海》卷四十说“所著《春秋。