信号通路图片大全.doc

aktPathway Ras Signaling Pathway还有一些，如果大家觉得好的话再贴^^ EGF Signaling Pathway 第五张 （缩略图，点击图片链接看原图） 强烈推荐Cytokine Network(绝没重复） Notch proteins are synthesized as precursor proteins that are processed by a furin-like convertase in the Golgi before being transported to the cell surface, where they reside as heterodimers. Interaction of Notch receptors with their ligands, such as Delta-like or Jagged, leads to a cascade of proteolytic cleavages. The first cleavage is mediated by TACE (tumour-necrosis factor-α-convering enzyme/metalloproteinase), followed by a second cleavage mediated by the γ-secretase activity of presenilins (PS), which liberates the cytoplasmic domain —Notch intracellular domain (NIC) — of the Notch receptors. The liberated NIC enters the nucleus and binds to the transcription factor CSL, which displaces co-repressors (CoR) and recruits co-activators (CoA), leading to transcriptional activation of downstream target genes. This pathway is known as the CSL-dependent pathway. Genetic evidence points to the existence of a CSL-independent pathway that is poorly characterized at present. 第二张 （缩略图，点击图片链接看原图） Integrin Signaling Pathway Integrins are cell surface receptors that interact with the extracellular matrix and mediate intracellular signals in response to the extracellular matrix including cellular shape, mobility, and progression through the cell cycle. Integrins do not themselves possess a kinase domain or enzymatic activity but rely on association with other signaling molecules to transmit signals. Interactions between the extracellular matrix and the actin cytoskeleton commonly take place at focal adhesions on the cell surface that contain localized concentrations of integrins, signaling molecules, and cytoskeletal elements. Talin forms a direct interaction with the integrin cytoplasmic domain, and interacts with cytoskeletal elements (actin) and signaling factors. Paxillin and CAS also localize in focal adhesions and may serve as a scaffold for other integrin signaling components like FAK and src. Interaction of FAK, CAS and src may be required for integrin regulation of cell cycle progression. The CrkL adaptor protein may regulate downstream integrin signaling. Growth factor signaling pathways and the caveolin receptor exhibit important cross talk with integrin receptors in cellular responses like activation of map kinase, proliferation and motility.[img][/img] NF-kB Signaling Pathway NFkappaB Signaling ：）新来的，献上我课题相关的信号通道 Signalling pathway of hepatocyte growth factor action. Diagram of the proposed intracellular signaling pathway involved in hepatocyte growth factor (HGF)-mediated tubulogenesis. Although HGF is perhaps the best-characterized of the growth factors involved in epithelial cell-branching tubulogenesis, very little of its mechanism of action is understood. However, recent evidence has shown that the HGF receptor (c-Met) is associated with Gab-1, a docking protein believed to be involved in signal transduction [ref]. Thus, on binding to c-Met, HGF activates Gab-1-mediated signal transduction, which, by an unknown mechanism, affects changes in cell shape and cell movement or cell-cell-cell-matrix interactions. Ultimately, these alterations lead to epithelial cell-branching tubulogenesis. Growth hormone plays a major role in regulating growth during childhood and adolescence and also regulates metabolism. Defects in growth hormone signaling can result in dwarfism and decreases in growth hormone levels with age have been suggested to play a role in the reduced function of some physiological systems. Growth hormone signals a response in cells through the growth hormone receptor, a member of the cytokine receptor gene family. Growth hormone causes the receptor to dimerize, activating the JAK2 protein kinase. The activity of JAK2 mediates many of the downstream responses to growth hormone through phosphorylation of STAT transcription factors, MAP kinases, other kinase cascades and molecules involved in metabolism like IRS-1. Factors like SOCS and SHP-1 appear to play a role in the down regulation of signaling by growth hormone and cytokines. 叶酸代谢及相关信号途径This simplified figure illustrates the interconnectedness of folatemetabolism and proteins for which functional polymorphisms have been identified. Polymorphisms have been found that areassociated with pharmacogenetic outcomes in three key proteins in these pathways: the drug transporter protein reducedfolate carrier (RFC); the regulatory enzyme 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR); and the drug target thymidylatesynthase. Key enzymes are denoted as ovals, substrates as rectangles. Red ovals denote enzymes with genetic polymorphisms that have been investigated in pharmacogenetic studies. Orange ovals。