高考过去分词用法高考预测.doc

高考过去分词用法（高考预测）【原创精品】非谓语是高中语法中的重点和难点项目，也是高考的重点、必考点，过去分词是考查热点之一 一、过去分词作状语（考查较多）①、弄清过去分此作状语的最基本特点，过去分词作状语表示被动的和完成的动作(不及物动词的过去分词不表示被动，只表示完成)例如：Written in a hurry, this article was not so good!导悟：written为过去分词作状语，表示这篇文章是被写的，而且已经被写再如：Given better attention, the plants could grow better.提醒：有些过去分词因来源于系表结构，作状语时不表被动而表主动这样的过去分词及短语常见的有：lost（迷路）；seated（坐）；hidden（躲）；stationed（驻扎）；lost/absorbed in（沉于）；born（出身于）；dressed in（穿着）；tired of（厌烦）Lost/Absorbed in deep thought, he didn’t hear the sound.因沉迷于思考之中，所以他没有听到那个声音。

Born in this beautiful town, he hates to leave it.出生于这个美丽的小镇，他不愿意离开它②、明确过去分词作状语时的逻辑主语，过去分词作状语时其逻辑主语为主句的主语，此时应注意人称一致例-1：____the earth to be flat, many feared that Columbus would fall off the edge. (CET-4 1996,6) 　　A. Believed B.Believing C.Believed D.Being believed　　本句意思为：相信地球是平的，许多人担心哥伦布会从边上掉下去许多人与相信之间是主谓关系，及分词与主语之间为主谓关系因此，应用现在分词，答案为B.例-2：He looked tired and depressed, visibly disturbed by the news of his mother's illness.导悟：分词在句子中作状语，使用何种分词，要取决于分词与句子主语的关系：主谓关系用现在分词，动宾或被动关系用过去分词例-3：Given another hour, I can also work out this problem.导悟：given为过去分词作状语，它的逻辑主语为主句主语I，即I被再给一小时。

例-4：Seen from the top of the hill, the city looks more beautiful to us.导悟：seen为过去分词作状语，表“被看”，由语境可知，它的逻辑主语必须是城市，而不是“我们”，因为“我们”应主动看城市 提醒：如果过去分词作状语时，前面再加逻辑主语，主句的主语就不再是分词的逻辑主语，这种带逻辑主语的过去分词结构实际上属于独立主格结构 如：The signal given, the bus started.信号一发出，汽车就开动了导悟：the signal是given的逻辑主语，因此主句的主语the bus就不是given的逻辑主语③、过去分词作状语的由来，过去分词作状语来源于状语从句和-ing分词作状语一样，也可以表示时间、原因、条件、让步、方式或伴随情况等例-1：Caught in a heavy rain, he was all wet. （表原因）因为淋了一场大雨，所以他全身湿透了导悟：caught in a heavy rain 为过去分词作原因状语，它来源于原因状语从句Because he was caught in a heavy rain.例-2：Accepted by the Party, he decided to devote his life to the cause of the Party. （表时间）入党以后，他决定献身于党的事业。

例-3：Compared with your brother, you should make greater efforts to study English.（表条件，相当于一个条件状语从句） 和你哥哥相比，你应该更加努力学习英语例-4：Though warned of the storm, the farmers were still working in the fields.(=Though they had been warned….) （表让步，相当于一个though/although引导的让步状语从句）例-5： Seated at the table, my father and I were talking about my job. （表方式或伴随情况）我和父亲坐在桌子旁边讨论着我的工作问题特别提醒-1：状语从句改为过去分次有时还可保留连词，构成“连词+过去分词”结构作状语while ( when, once, until, if , though等连词)＋过去分词”结构Once recovered, he threw himself to work and made every effort to do it well. When given a medical examination, you should keep calm.特别提醒-2：过去分词作状语时，它的逻辑主语一般必须和句子的主语相一致。

例如：When asked why he came here, the boy kept silent.当那个男孩被问到为何来这里时，他沉默不语特别提醒-3：确过去分词作状语的位置过去分词可放在主句前作句首状语，后面常用逗号隔开：也可放在主句后面，前面用逗号与主句隔开如；He stood there silently , moved to tears.= Moved to tears, he stood there silently.特别提醒-4：熟悉与高考链接情况，明确高考考查重点 二、过去分词作表语过去分词作表语并无“完成”或“被动”之意，表示主语的感受（感情）或心理状态，主语多为人Don’t touch the glass because it is broken. 不要碰那个杯子，它是坏的He is quite pleased with the design of the dress. 她很喜欢那礼服的式样His response to the question was quite disappointing. I felt disappointed at his response.提醒：过去分词作表语不要与被动语态混为一体，过去分词作表语表示主语的状态，被动语态则表示被动的动作。

如：The road is covered with fallen leaves. （表状态）The road is covered by the fallen leaves. (表动作)特别提醒:过去分词和–ing分词作表语的区别：过去分词作表语通常表示主语所处的状态或感受，而-ing分词作表语多表示主语所具有的特征，如：Hearing the news, we felt very surprised. 听到那个消息，我们感到很惊讶The news is very surprising. 这个消息很令人惊讶They were frightened to hear the frightening sound. 他们听到那可怕的声音很害怕At the sight of the moving scene, all the people present were moved to tears.看到这么动人的情景，所有在场的人都感动得流下了眼泪英语中这样的分词还有很多，如：amusing, amused; encouraging, encouraged; disappointing, disappointed; exciting, excited; puzzling, puzzled; satisfying, satisfied; worrying, worried; tiring, tired; pleasing, pleased; interesting, interested; astonishing, astonished等。

三、过去分词作宾补过去分词可以在allow, ask, consider, desire, expect, feel, find, get, have, hear, imagine, keep, like, make, observe, order, permit, prefer, remember, request, require, see, urge动词等后面作宾语补足语能用作宾语补助语的过去分词一般都完成是及物动词，表示被动意义或已意义，有时两者兼而有之作宾语的过去分词与宾语有逻辑上的动宾关系，即宾语是过去分词动作的对象例-1： My elder brother had her wallet stolen on a train last week.例-2：They managed to make themselves understood using very simple English. （用于使役动词）例-3：We can hear the windows beaten by the heavy rain drops.（用于感官动词）例-3：After my encounter with her, I found myself greatly shaken.例-4：You should keep her informed of what is going on here. （用于表状态的动词）例-5：The teacher expected the students well prepared for the examination. 　　注意：在动词see, hear, feel, watch, notice，perceive，observe, listen to, look at后既可用现在分词做补语,也可用不定式做补语。

用现在分词表示动作正在进行,用不定式表示的动作的全过程已经完成如：*I saw Mr. White get off a bus.　　*I saw Mr. White looking into the shop window. 　　*——Do you hear someone knocking at the door?　　 ——Yes, I did. I heard him knock three times.特别提醒-1： 动词have后所接的三种宾语补语▲主语让别人做某事，强调主语的意志have somebody/something do something 不定式作补语必须省去to, 不定式动作由宾语发出，表示一次性的动作如：The radio she had had repaired went wrong. 她请人修的收音机坏了▲表示“使完成某事”，可以是别人完成，也可以是自己参与完成We must get the work fulfilled by the end of this week.▲ 主语遭到某种不幸或陷入恶劣的环境，说明宾语的一种无意。