高考英语必背知识专题06 主谓一致（解析版）（全国通用版）.docx

专题06 主谓一致 在英语句子里，谓语受主语支配，其动词必须和主语在人称和数上保持一致，这就叫主谓一致寻其规律，大致可归纳为三个原则，即语法一致、逻辑意义一致和就近一致原则 一、语法一致原则：语法上一致就是谓语动词和主语在单、复数形式上保持一致 1. 以单数名词或代词、动词不定式短语、动名词短语或从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形 式；主语为复数时，谓语动词用复数形式His father is working on the farm. （单数名词作主语）To study English well is not easy. （动词不定式作主语）What he said is very important for us all. （名词性从句作主语）The children were in the classroom two hours ago. （复数名词作主语）Reading in the sun is bad for your eyes. （动名词作主语）【小提示】由what引导的主语从句，后面的谓语动词多数情况用单数形式，但若表语是复数或what从句是一个带有复数意义的并列结构时，主句的谓语动词用复数形式。

例如：What I bought were three English books. 我买了三本英语书What I say and do is (are) helpful to you. 我说的和做的都是对你有帮助的2. 由连接词and或both ... and连接起来的合成主语后面，要用复数形式的谓语动词例如：Lucy and Lily are twins. （and连接两个人名作主语）She and I are classmates. （and连接两个代词作主语）The boy and the girl were surprised when they heard the news. （and连接两个名词作主语）Both she and he are Young Pioneers. （both…and…连接两个代词作主语）【小提示】(1) 如果and 连接的两个词是指同一个人，同一事物或同一概念，则两个名词共用一个冠词，谓语用单数英语中并列结构表示同一概念的有：iron and steel 钢铁 ；law and order 治安；bread and butter黄油面包；a watch and chain 一块带链的表；a knife and fork 一副刀叉；a coat and tie 一件配有领带的上衣；aim and end 目的；truth and honesty 真诚，例如：The writer and artist has come.（这个人既是作家又是艺术家）There is a knife and fork on the desk. 在桌子上有一副刀叉。

2)由and连接的并列单数主语前如果分别有no, each, every more than a (an) , many a (an)修饰时，其谓语动词要用单数形式例如：Every student and every teacher was in the room.. No boy and no girl likes it. 3.主语为单数名词或代词，尽管后面跟有with, together with, except, but, like, as well as, rather than, more than, no less than, besides, including等引起的短语，谓语动词仍用单数形式；若主语为复数，谓语用复数形式例如：Mr Green, together with his wife and children, has come to China.（划线部分是主语，划波浪线是修饰主语的成分） Nobody but Jim and Mike was on the playground. She, like you and Tom, is very tall. 4. either, neither, each, every 或no +单数名词和由some, any, no, every构成的复合不定代词，都作单 数看待。

例如：Each of us has a new book. Everything around us is matter. 【小提示】(1) 在口语中当either或neither后跟有"of+复数名词（或代词）"作主语时，其谓语动词也可用复数Neither of the texts is (are) interesting. (2)若none of后面的名词是不可数名词，它的谓语动词就要用单数；若它后面的名词是复数，它的谓语动词用单数或复数都可以None of us has (have) been to America. 5. 在定语从句时，关系代词that/who/ which等作主语时, 其谓语动词的数应与句中先行词的数一致He is one of my friends who are working hard.(先行词是friends)He is the only one of my friends who is working hard. (因为有the only修饰，所以先行词是one)6. 如果集体名词指的是整个集体，它的谓语动词用单数；如果它指集体的成员，其谓语动词就用 复数形式。

这些词有family, team, class, crowd, committee, population, audience, club, crew, enemy，government，group，party，public等例如：Class Four is on the third floor. （强调整个集体）Class Four are unable to agree upon a monitor. （强调集体中的成员）The whole family are watching TV? （强调集体中的成员）His family is going to have a long journey．（强调整个集体）【小提示】(1) population一词的使用情况跟上述类似，但是当population和分数、百分数连用时用复数谓语例如：The population in China is very large，and eighty percent of the population in China are farmers.(2) 某些集体名词(如people，police，cattle，militia等)只当复数看待，谓语动词必须用复数。

The police are searching for him．(3) 单、复数同形的名词作主语时，谓语动词应根据意义决定单、复数例如： A sheep is over there, 那儿有一只绵羊Some sheep are over there．那儿有一些绵羊4) )名词所有格之后的名词被省略的情况一般只指商店、工场、住宅等，作主语时，动词一般用单数常见的省略名词有：the baker's，the barber's，the carpenter's，the Zhang's等例如： My Uncle's is not far from here． The doctor's is on the side of the street7. 分数或百分数+of+名词”构成短语，以及由“some，a lot of，lots of，plenty of，a(1arge)quantity of，the rest of，a heap of，the majority of , heaps of+名词”构成短语时，其名词可以是可数名词或不可数名词作主语时，采取就近一致的原则，其谓语动词要与短语中of后面的名词的数保持一致，这是因为短语中of后面的名词是中心词，而名词前面的量词是修饰语。

例如：There are a lot of people in the classroom. （谓语根据people而定）The rest of the lecture is wonderful. （谓语根据lecture而定）50% of the students in our class are girls. （谓语根据students而定）A quantity of blouses were on sale． A large quantity of beer was sold． Plenty of English books are on the shelf． Lots of damage was caused by fire． Three-fifths of the workers here are women． About three-fourths of the earth\'s surface is covered with water．【小提示】 a number of"许多"，作定语修饰复数名词，谓语用复数；the number of"...的数量"，主语是number，谓语用单数。

8. 在倒装句中，谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致例如：There comes the bus. On the wall are many pictures.Such is the result. / Such are the facts. 二、逻辑意义一致原则：逻辑意义一致就是谓语动词的数必须和主语的意义一致（因有时主语形式为单数，但意义为复数；有时形式为复数，但意义为单数） 1. what, who, which, any, more, all等代词可以是单数，也可是复数，主要靠意思来决定例如：Which is your bag? 哪一个是你的书包？Which are your bags? 哪一些是你的书包？All is going well. 一切进展顺利All have gone to Beijing. 所有的人都去了北京2. 表示"时间、重量、长度、价值"等的名词的复数作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数形式， 这是由于作主语的名词在概念上是一个整体，例如：Thirty minutes is enough for the work. 做这项工作三十分钟足够了3. 若英语是书名、片名、格言、剧名、报名、国名等的复数形式，其谓语动词通常用单数形式。

"The Arabian Nights" is an interesting story-book.. 《天方夜谭》是一本有趣的故事书小提示】(1) 某数词单纯表示数字作主语时，其谓语动词通常用单数形式，但是当基数词表示的不是数值而是数量时，谓语动词可用复数形式例如： The billion is a large number． Twenty are enough. (2) 英语中算术式作主语时，若是减法或除法算术式，谓语通常用单数形式；若是加法和乘法，谓语动词有时也可用复数形式例如： Three times five is/are fifteen． Two and (plus) two is/are four. Twelve divided by four is three． 。