带有特殊疑问词的不定式.docx

不定式与疑问词不定式可以和疑问代词who, what, which及疑问副词when, how, where等连用，构 成不定式短语，在句子中作主语、宾语、表语等现将这种用法归纳如下一、 “疑问词+动词不定式”结构有两种形式：1. 疑问词+ to+动词原形”I don ' t know what to sa我不知道说什么Can you tell me how to make a paper boa ? t你能告诉我怎样做一只纸船吗？2. 疑问词+名词+ to +动词原形”I don ' t know which topic to choos 我不知道选哪个题目二、 “疑问词+动词不定式”结构中的疑问词，包括疑问代词who, what, which和 疑问副词how, when, where等这些疑问词和不定式一起构成了不定式短语，这种结构 可在句子中作以下成分：1. 主语Where to stay for the night is a problem.晚上在哪儿过夜还是个问题What to do is not decided yetHow to begin is more difficult than where to stop2. 宾语We must know how to operate the machi ne.我们必须弄懂如何操作这机器。

In one of his books, Marx gave some advice on how to learn a foreign language.在 马克思的一本书中，他对如何学习一门外语提出了一些建议作介词on的宾 语）Do you know when to start?你知道什么时候开始吗？I showed her which button to press.我告诉她应该按哪一个按钮有时还可用于介词 后作宾语如：I found a book on how to avoid having a heart attack.我找到一本书谈如何避免心 脏病 复发She was worried about how to fill her leisure time.她为如何打发她的闲暇时间而 发愁3. 表语The questi on is which to choose .问题是选哪个The question is how to carry out the plan.问题是怎样执行这个计划The difficulty was how to cross the river.困难在于如何过河。

4. 同位语The problem what to send them is unknown.送什么给他们这个问题还不知 道三、 “疑问词+动词不定式”作宾语时，相当于一个由该疑问词引导的宾语从句 例如：Excuse me. Can you tell me how to get to the booksho ? p=Excuse me. Can you tell me how I can get to the booksho ? p四、 “疑问词+动词不定式”结构经常放在tell, show, teach, learn, know, wonder, discuss, remember, forget, find out等 动词（词组）之后作宾语例如：The teacher told the students how to do the experiment.老师教学生如何做实 验 （句中told含有taught的意思）The young woma n does n' t know what to dO 那位年轻女子不知道怎么办句中what不能改换成how)He tells me how to answer all the questions in English.他告诉我怎样用英语回 答所 有的问题。

句中的how不能省去)五、如何表达“怎么办”在翻译怎么办”时，许多同学译成how to do,实际上是犯了汉语式英语的错误，怎 么办”的实际意义是 做些什么”故应用代词what作动词do的宾语，而不用副词how 只有在表达 怎样做这件事”时才说how to do it［巩固练习］I. 单项填空)1.1 ' m going on a field trip but I haven ' t decided 12年河南).(20A. what to doB. to do whatC. where to go D. to go where()2. —This physics problem is too difficult. Can you show me , Wang Lin ?—Sure. (2011 年陕西)A. what to work it outB. what to work out itC. how to work it outD. how to work out it()3. Excuse me. Would you please tell me buy a digital camera ?(2012年安徽)A. what toB. where toC. what I canD. where can III. 用“疑问词+不定式”改写下列句子。

4. How we should do it was discussed last night.was discussed last night.5. I didn ' t know where I should go.I didn，t know.6. The difficulty was how we should cross the river.The difficulty was .III. 根据汉语补全下列英语译文7. 何时动身还不知道 is unknown.8. 我忘了该怎么办I forgot.9. 我可以告诉你哪里可以买到此书I can tell you .Keys:I. 1-3 CCBII. 4. How to do it 5. where to go6. how to cross the riverIII. 7. When to start 8. what to do 9. where to buy (get) this book 三、五个易错点易错一：是否用于疑问词why之后按英语习惯，有一个疑问词不能用于 疑问词+不定式”结构，就是why如： 我不明白为什么马上就走。

误：I don't know why to leaev at once.正：I don ' t know why we must leave at once.注意：why后面可以跟不带to的动词不定式（即动词原形），用以表示某动作是不必 要的或无意义的如：Why pay more at other shops? We have the best value为什么花更多的钱到其他商 店去 买呢？我们这里最物美价廉另外，why后面不带to的动词不定式有时也可能是否定的，该结构主要用来提出建 议如：You' re looking tiredW. hy not take a holiday?你一脸倦容，怎么不休假呢？易错二：与动词think连用有何特别之处“疑问词+不定式”结构，通常不用于动词 think的现在式和过去式之后，但可以用 于think的其他形式之后（如进行式）如： I' m thinking what to do next我在想接下来要做什么另外，“疑问词+不定式”结构也通常用于还有助动词的think之后如：She couldn ' t think what to sa 她想不出该说什么。

She couldn' t think what to give the children for Christmas.她想不出圣诞节该送孩 子们 什么礼物易错三：与动词know连用要注意什么当要表示知道如何做某事，know之后不能直接 跟动词不定式作宾语，此时可改用know how to结构如：我会做西班牙式的摊鸡蛋误：I know to make Spanish omelettes.正：I know how to make Spanish omelettes.易错四：与某些只接动名词作宾语的动词连用有些动词可以接“疑问词+不定式”作宾语，但通常不直接跟不定式作宾语这类动词主要有 consider （考虑），discover （发现），discuss （讨论），explain （说明），find（out）（查到），know （知道），observe （观察），suggest （提议），wonder （怀疑）’understand （了解）等如：Have you considered how to get there?你是否考虑过如何到那儿去？Our teacher explained how to use the machine.老师向我们说明如何使用这台机 器。

We discussed what to do and where we should go.我们讨论了该怎么办及到哪里 去你能说明一下蛋糕的做法吗？误：Can you explain to make a cake?正： Can you explain how to make a cake易错五：which to do的两种用法要注意“which不定式”结构，其中的which有时是疑问词如：I can t decide which to choo我不能决定选哪个好Did you ask her which to buy?你问没问她该买哪一个？有时可能是关系代词，相当于一个省略的定语从句，此时主要用于介词后作宾语 如：She must have time in which to grow calm.她必须有冷静下来的时间Allow me one minute in which to change my costumes .给我一点时间来卸装这两句中 的which to也可改为定语从句：She must have time in which she can grow calm.Allow me one minute in which I can change my costumes.。