[研究生入学考试题库]考研英语(一)阅读理解分类模拟题84.docx

[研究生入学考试题库]考研英语(一)阅读理解分类模拟题84Reading ComprehensionPart AText 1 On her first morning in America, last summer, my daughter went out to explore her new neighborhood—alone, without even telling my wife or me. Of course we were worried; we had just moved from Berlin, and she was just 8. But when she came home, we realized we had no reason to panic. Beaming with pride, she told us how she had discovered the little park around the corner, and had made friends with a few local dog owners. She had taken possession of her new environment, and was keen to teach us things we didn't know. When this story comes up in conversations with American friends, we are usually met with polite disbelief. Most are horrified by the idea that their children might roam around without adult supervision. A study by the University of California, Los Angeles, has found that American kids spend 90 percent of their leisure time at home. Even when kids are physically active, they are watched closely by adults. Such narrowing of the child's world has happened across the developed world. But Germany is generally much more accepting of letting children take some risks. To this German parent, it seems that America's middle class has taken overprotective parenting to a new level. "We are depriving them of opportunities to learn how to take control of their own lives," writes Peter Gray, a research professor at Boston College. He argues that this increases "the chance that they will suffer from anxiety, depression, and so on," which have gone up dramatically in recent decades. He sees risky, outside play of children among themselves without adult supervision as a way of learning to control strong emotions like anger and fear. I am no psychologist like Professor Gray, but I know I won't be around forever to protect my girl from the challenges life holds in store for her, so the earlier she develop the intellectual maturity to navigate the world, the better. And by giving kids more control over their lives, they learn to have more confidence in their own capabilities. It is hard for parents to balance the desire to protect their children against the desire to make them more self-reliant. And every one of us has to decide for himself what level of risk he is ready to accept. But parents who prefer to keep their children always in sight and under their thumbs should consider what sort of trade-offs are involved in that choice. 1. Which of the following is NOT true about the author's daughter?______A.She went out without adult supervision.B.She knew where the little park was located.C.She visited her new neighbors and made some friends.D.She had more ideas about the surroundings than the author.答案:C[解析] 本文作者通过自己女儿独自一人熟悉新社区的故事引出第二段美国家长和德国家长在监护儿童时完全不同的态度和方式；作为德国家长，作者更愿意接受让孩子面对一些风险。

第三段通过波士顿学院研究教授彼得·格雷的观点，进一步指出过分地控制儿童对儿童不利的一面第四段作者重申自己的观点“让孩子对自己的生活有更多控制权，他们就会对自己的能力有更多信心”第五段提到在“保护孩子”和“让孩子自立”上，很难取舍，但还是希望家长们认真考虑这种选择的得与失 细节题根据题干关键词定位到第一段C项的neighbors是对文中explore her new neighborhood的误解，因此C项为正确答案首句提到“她就走出去探索新的社区了——独自一人，甚至没告诉我和我太太”，A项“她在没有成年人监护的情况下走出去”，without adult supervision是句中alone, without even telling...的同义替换，因此符合文意B项“她知道小公园坐落在哪儿”与文中的she had discovered the little park around the corner意思一致D项“她比作者对于周围的环境知道得更多”与文中的teach us things we didn't know意思一致 [参考译文] 去年夏天，我的女儿来美国的第一天早上，她就走出去探索新的社区了——独自一人，甚至没告诉我和我太太。

我们当然感到担心，我们才刚从柏林搬来，而且她只有8岁不过等她回到家时，我们意识到没有理由担惊受怕她自豪地笑着，向我们讲述了自己是怎样发现街角的小公园的，而且她还与几个遛狗的本地人交上了朋友她已经熟悉了自己的新环境，而且迫切地想教给我们一些我们不知道的事情 我们和美国朋友聊天时谈到这段故事，他们通常都会礼貌地表露出难以置信的态度想到孩子或许会在没有成年人监护的情况下自己四处游荡，多数人都会感到惊恐加州大学洛杉矶分校的一项研究发现，美国儿童大约90%的闲暇时间是在家中度过的即使在孩子们活动的时候，他们也会受到成年人的密切关注这样收窄孩子的世界的现象，在整个发达世界都在发生然而，德国人通常更愿意接受让孩子们面对一些风险在我这个德国家长看来，美国的中产阶级似乎把带孩子时保护欲太强的问题，提升到了全新高度 “我们剥夺了他们学习如何控制自己生活的机会波士顿学院研究教授彼得·格雷写道他提出，这加大了“他们感到焦虑、抑郁等的可能性”，这些精神障碍的发病率近几十年急剧升高在他看来，孩子们在没有成年人监督的情况下在外玩耍，尽管有风险，但却是学习控制愤怒和恐惧等强烈情绪的方法 我不是格雷教授那样的心理学家，但我知道我无法永远保护我的女儿，帮她应对人生向她提出的种种挑战。

所以，她越早在智力上发展成熟，就在这个世界中穿行得越好让孩子对自己的生活有更多控制权，他们就会对自己的能力有更多信心 一方面是保护孩子的欲望，另一方面是让他们自立的想法，父母在其中很难取舍我们每一个人都必须自己决定，打算接受多大程度的风险然而，那些喜欢把孩子放在自己的视线之内、抓在手心里的家长们，应当考虑一下这种选择背后的损失 2. Different from American kids, German kids ______A.are allowed to be faced with some risks.B.spend about 10% of their free time at home.C.will be overprotected when moved in America.D.are more self-reliant than kids in any other developed countries.答案:A[解析] 细节题根据题干关键词定位到第二段倒数第二句提到“然而，德国人通常更愿意接受让孩子们面对一些风险”，A项中的allowed, be faced with some risks是句中accepting, letting children take some risks的同义替换，故A项为正确答案。

B项“(德国儿童)大约10%的闲暇时间是在家中度过的”与原文不符C项“(德国儿童)移居到美国后将被过分地保护”和D项“(德国儿童)比其他任何发达国家的儿童都更加自立”原文没有提及3. According to Peter Gray, overprotection may lead to ______A.underlying risks.B.mental disorders.C.adolescent rebellion.D.emotional problems.答案:B[解析] 推断题根据题干关键词定位到第三段彼得·格雷观点中的：increases, the chance, suffer from与题干中的lead to表意一致，而文中的anxiety“焦虑”，depression“抑郁”都属于精神障碍，故B项是二者最准确的上义词，为正确答案A项“潜在的风险”，C项“青春期的叛逆”和D项“情感问题”均太宽泛，不如B项概括准确，故排除。