[研究生入学考试题库]考研英语(二)分类模拟题1.docx

[研究生入学考试题库]考研英语(二)分类模拟题1Reading Comprehension At the present time, 98 percent of the world energy consumption comes from stored sources, such as fossil fuels or nuclear fuel. Only hydroelectric and wood energy represent completely renewable sources on ordinary time scales. Discovery of large additional fossil fuel reserves, solution of the nuclear safety and waste disposal problems, or the development of controlled thermonuclear fusion will provide only a short-term solution to the world's energy crisis. Within about 100 years, the thermal pollution resulting from our increased energy consumption will make solar energy a necessity at any cost. Man's energy consumption is currently about one part in ten thousand that of the energy we receive from the sun. However, it is growing at a 5 percent rate, of which about 2 percent represents a population growth and 3 percent a per capita energy increase. If this growth continues, within 100 years our energy consumption will be about 1 percent of the absorbed solar energy, enough to increase the average temperature of the earth by about one degree centigrade if stored energy continues to be our predominant source. This will be the point at which there will be significant effects in our climate, including the melting of the polar ice caps, a phenomenon which will raise the level of the oceans and flood parts of our major cities. There is positive feedback associated with this process, since the polar ice cap contributes to the partial reflectivity of the energy arriving from the sun. As the ice caps begin to melt, the reflectivity will decrease, thus heating the earth still further. It is often stated that the growth rate will decline or that energy conservation measures will preclude any long-range problem. Instead, this only postpones the problem by a few years. Conservation by a factor of two together with a maintenance of the 5 percent growth rate delays the problem by only 14 years. Reduction of the growth rate to 4 percent postpones the problem by only 25 years; in addition, the inequities in standards of living throughout the world will provide pressure toward an increase in growth rate, particularly if cheap energy is available. The problem of a changing climate will not be evident until perhaps ten years before it becomes critical due to the nature of an exponential growth rate together with the normal annual weather variations. This may be too short a period to circumvent the problem by converting to other energy sources, so advance planning is a necessity. The only practical means of avoiding the problem of thermal pollution appears to be the use of solar energy. Using the solar energy before it is dissipated to heat does not increase the earth's energy balance. The cost of solar energy is extremely favorable now, particularly when compared to the cost of relocating many of our major cities. 1. All of the following are factors which will tend to increase thermal pollution EXCEPT ______.A.the earth's increasing populationB.the increase in per capita energy consumptionC.expected anomalies in weather patternsD.the melting of the polar ice caps答案:C[解析] 第二段提到，我们目前的能源消耗大约相当于来自太阳的能量总量的万分之一。

但是，能源消耗正在以5%的速度增长，其中约2%的增长是由人口的增长导致的(选项A表达的内容)，而3%来自人均能源消耗的增长(选项B表达的内容)如果这种增长趋势继续下去，在100年内，我们的能源消耗将达到来自太阳的能量的1%如果我们继续主要使用储藏的能源，这足以使地球的平均温度增加约1℃这将意味着我们的气候会受到明显影响，包括两极覆盖着的冰的融化，这将使海平面升高，淹没一些大城市这一过程将会产生正反馈，因为两极的冰盖对来自太阳的能量起到部分反射作用随着冰盖的消融，反射率会下降，导致地球温度进一步提高(选项D表达的内容)2. The positive feedback mentioned in the second paragraph means that the melting of the polar ice caps will ______.A.reduce per capita energy consumptionB.accelerate the transition to solar energyC.intensify the effects of thermal pollutionD.necessitate a shift to alternative energy sources答案:C3. The possibility of energy conservation is mentioned in order to ______.A.refute a possible objection to the author's positionB.support directly the central idea of the textC.prove that such measures are ineffectiveD.provide the reader with additional background information答案:A[解析] 作者在第三段提到，人们常常认为，(经济)增长率将减缓，或者认为节约能源的措施将能解决任何长远的问题。

但是，在作者看来，这只能将问题延缓几年(而不能彻底解决问题)节约一倍或两倍的能量，并将增长率保持在5%只能将问题延缓14年第三段下文进一步对这两种措施——节约能源和减缓增长率——提出了怀疑和驳斥，认为它们不能从根本上解决热污染的问题作者在第四段提出了自己的解决方案4. Which of the following would be the most logical topic for the author to address in a succeeding paragraph?A.The problems of nuclear safety and waste disposal.B.The availability and cost of solar energy technology.C.The practical effects of flooding of coastal cities.D.A history of the development of solar energy.答案:B[解析] 在最后一段作者指出，避免热污染问题产生的唯一可行方法是太阳能的利用在它消散之前使用太阳能不会增加地球能量的平衡，目前，太阳能的利用成本也特别有利(指不像以前那样高)，特别是与重新规划许多大城市的成本相比(注：第二段提到，如果南北极的冰盖消融，许多城市会被淹没，这当然意味着许多城市不得不搬迁到内陆)。

可见，既然作者在最后一段提到了使用太阳能的合理性，后续的段落自然会谈到如何利用太阳能以及为什么说它是唯一可行的方法 5. The tone of the text is best described as one of ______.A.optimismB.indignationC.suspicionD.pessimism答案:A[解析] 从文章的结论来看，作者认为热污染的问题是可以通过太阳能的利用。