语法学习--有关词语答疑.doc

1舒心英语学苑高考复习专栏语法学习--有关词语答疑 １． before long 与 long before记忆诀窍和用法介绍记忆诀窍: 【适合于高一】long 在前"很久前"long 在后"不久后" 用法：long before 单独使用，一般用在过去完成时的句自里它后面可以跟从句构成句型：It be ...before .... before 前一般是 long, not long 等词值得注意的是：主句中的时态只能是一般过去时或一般将来时before long "很快、不久"，可以用于各种时态２． affect 与 effect有何不同？　两个词都有"影响"的意义　　affect 是动词（vt.）effect 是名词３． doubt 后接从句时应注意些什么? 在肯定句中用 whether / if 引导，在否定句和疑问句中用 that引导４． lead 一词如何使用？　lead sb. to (into / out of )somewhere　　　带领某人去某处lead sth. 　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　领导lead sb. (in) doing sth.　　　　　　　　　带领（领导）做。

lead sb. to do sth.　　　　　　　　　　　使得、导致（某人）做lead a ... life = live a ... life　 过着的生活 lead to　　通向、导致 All roads lead to Rome. 条条道路通罗马５．lose 与 miss有什么不同? 这两个词在表示"丢失了"做定语时，易出错．前者只能用过去分词；后者只能用现在分词．如：the lost child the missing word６． 分词作定语时有无特殊现象？　下面的分词作定语时分别表示:lost , missing 丢失了的 left , remaining 剩下的exposed , sticking, 突出的, 冒出的 drunken, 喝醉酒的lighted , 燃着的, 亮着的 burnt , 烧焦的７．prefer 一词有哪些东西需要掌握？1.prefer to do sth. prefer + n. 　 prefer to do sth. rather than do sth.2.prefer (doing) sth. to (doing) sth.　　3.prefer sb. to do sth.　4.prefer that... ///　　prevent(stop / keep) ... from ... 在用法上有什么区别?它们都可表示"阻止．做．"．prevent, stop 后面的 from可以省去，而 keep 后面的 from　不能省去．８． prevent... from 与 protect ... from 在用法上有什么区别? prevent... from 结构中 prevent的宾语发出介词 from后动名词的动作;而 protect ...from构中的宾语不能发出后面的动作。

９．promise sb. to do sth. 是不是复合宾语句型？该结构不是复合宾语结构因为不定式的动作是主语发出来的它常用于：promise to do sth. promise sb. to do sth.　promise + n. / pron. promise sb. sth.promise (sb.) that ....１０．prove 有哪些用法？vt. 证明、证实　　prove + n. / pron. prove that.... prove sb.(sth.) + adj. / n. / to be　 link-v. 证明市、后来事实证明是　　　prove + n. / adj. / to be ... / of...１１．pull 与 push在意义上和用法上有哪些不同？【适合于高二】2pull 是"拉"　push 是"推"两个都是及物动词　１２．very 不能修饰哪些词？　very 不能直接修饰动词;而用 very much修饰用 very修饰原级形容词副词，用 much修饰比较级最高级用 very修饰由分词转化来的形容词；而一般用 much修饰过去分词１３．raise 与 rise有什么不同？　两个都有"上升、上涨"的意思。

raise 是及物动词；rise 是不及物动词raise 还有"喂养、饲养"之意１４．population 一词有哪些东西需要掌握？★ 对人口提问可用：What is the population of ．．．? How large is the population of ．．．? ★ ．有多少人口一般用：The population of ．. is ．．．．．．．has a population of．．．．★　对人口的修饰只能用：large, small 等词，不能用 many, much．．．★　all, some, 32 percent of 等修饰 population做主语谓语应用复数． ★　在人口的比较中应用 that ． The population of China is larger than that of India.１５．"许多"有多少？【适合于高一】1/只接可数名词　many , many a (后接单数可数名词)a good(great) many, a (good, large, great) number of 2/只接不可数名词 a (great )large amount of ,large amounts of ,a (good, great ) deal of 3/即可接可数名词又可接不可数名词 a lot of, lots of , plenty of ,a (large) quantity of , (large) quantities of 　　注意：quantity , plenty 构成的短语多接不可数名词． １６．哪些动词可用主动代替被动？1.某些实意动词用作连系动词用时，常用主动代替被动．这类动词有：sound , look, feel, taste2.动词 sell, break, write, wash, read等，它们常是不及物动词，而且后有副词修饰(well, easily, smooth．．．)．3.want, need, require表示"需要"时，以及形容词 worth后的动名词要用主动表被动．　动词不定式做后置定语，且与被修饰名词构成动宾关系时，不定式用主动表被动．这种情况下，句子的主语与不定式有主谓关系．　例：I have a meeting to attend.4.在"名词（代词） + be + adj. + to do "结构中，句子的主语是不定式的逻辑宾语， 此时不定式用主动表被动．用于该结构的形容词有：difficult, easy, important, heavy, light, nice, pleasant, fit．．．．5.在 There be + 名词 + to do 结构中，不定式多用主动形式． 　6.不定式 to let, to blame, to seek作表语时，常用主动表被动．１７．关于后置定语的问题【适合于高一】【适合于高二, 高三】1.some, any, anything, nobody, somewhere, nothing 等词的修饰语要后置．2.else 修饰 somebody, what, who, something 时，要后置．3.不定式短语，动名词短语，分词短语，介词短语做定语要后置． 4. proper（本身）,present（在场的，出席的）, involved（有关的）, concerned 相关的）,（left 剩下的）, objecting （反对的）, mentioned （提及的）, selected （当选的）等词做定语要后置．5.a-开头的形容词做定语要后置．如：alike, alive, alone, asleep．．．语法学习--有关词语答疑 （2）3１８．as 有哪些常见用法？ 做连词可用于：　1.引导时间状语从句　"在．．．的时候，当．．．"2.引导原因状语从句　"因为，由于"3.引导方式状语从句　"依照，按照，如，像"4.引导让步状语从句　"尽管，虽说"　此种用法时从句要倒装（表语倒装，谓语倒装，状语倒装）5.as 后跟名词　（相当于一个时间状语从句）As a young man, he worked hard. = When he was a young man, he worked hard.6.和某些动词连用，构成固定搭配．treat．．．as regard．．．as look on(upon)．．．as 　take．．．as take up．．．as think of．．．asintroduce．．．as take a job as．．．　serve．．．as act as7.用于某些成语:　as black as coal as dry as dust as blind as a batas easy as ABC as brave as a lion as fair as a roseas fat as a pig as busy as a bee as free as the airas cold as ice as gentle as a lamb as deep as a wellas greedy as wolf as happy as a king as heavy as leadas sound as a bell as poor as a church mouse as proud as a peacockas quiet as a lamb as red as blood as white as snowas a matter of fact 事实上 as a result 结果as a result of　　由于．．．　　　　　　　as a rule 一般（说来）；通常as ．．．as possible = as．．．as one can　　尽力，尽可能as follows　　　如下　　　　　　　　　as if (as though)　就像．．．似的as to + 名词　　至于，说到　　　　as to + that 从句　　关于（常不译出）as usual　　　像平常一样 so as to 　以便 such as 如像so ．．．as to　　如此．．．以至．．．　so (as) long as 只要such ．．．as to 如此．．．以至．．． as．．．as．．．　　和．．．一样．．．as soon as　　 as soon as possible 　as well　　也，　还　as well as 　　也，　还语法学习--有关词语答疑 （3）１９． word 一词有什么值得注意的？【适合于高二】1. 注意该词的单复数．如 have a word with sb.和．．说句话 have words with sb.和．吵架in a word 　总之　　　　in other words 换句话说keep one''s word　遵守诺言　　　 beyond words　　无法用言语来形容2.　word 用单数且不用冠词意为：消息，谣言Word came of his success abroad. Word came from Beijing.　word 用单数并用定冠词或其它限定词意为：命令，嘱咐The troops got the word to begin moving out.His word is that he has gone back to。