2012年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语(一)试题(完整版)及参考答案.docx

Section ⅠUse of EnglishDirections：Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark [A], [B], [C]or [D] on ANSWER SHEET 1.（10 points）①The ethical judgments of the Supreme Court justices have become an important issue recently. ②Thecourt cannot 1 its legitimacy as guardian of the rule of law 2 justices behave like politicians. ③Yet,in several instances, justices acted in ways that 3 the court’s reputation for being independent and69impartial.④Justice Antonin Scalia, for example, appeared at political events. ⑤That kind of activity makes it lesslikely that the court’s decisions will be 4 as impartial judgments. ⑥Part of the problem is that the justicesare not 5 by an ethics code. ⑦At the very least, the court should make itself 6 to the code ofconduct that 7 to the rest of the federal judiciary.⑧This and other similar cases 8 the question of whether there is still a 9 between the court andpolitics.⑨The framers of the Constitution envisioned law 10 having authority apart from politics. ⑩Theygave justices permanent positions 11 they would be free to 12 those in power and have no need to13 political support. ⑪Our legal system was designed to set law apart from politics precisely because theyare so closely 14 .⑫Constitutional law is political because it results from choices rooted in fundamental social 15 likeliberty and property. ⑬When the court deals with social policy decisions, the law it 16 is inescapablypolitical—which is why decisions split along ideological lines are so easily 17 as unjust.⑭The justices must 18 doubts about the court’s legitimacy by making themselves 19 to thecode of conduct. ⑮That would make their rulings more likely to be seen as separate from politics and, 20 ,convincing as law. [276 words]1. [A]emphasize [B]maintain [C]modify [D] recognize2. [A]when [B]lest [C]before [D] unless3. [A]restored [B]weakened [C]established [D] eliminated4. [A]challenged [B]compromised [C]suspected [D] accepted5. [A]advanced [B]caught [C]bound [D]founded6. [A]resistant [B]subject [C]immune [D]prone7. [A]resorts [B]sticks [C]leads [D]applies8. [A]evade [B]raise [C]deny [D]settle9. [A]line [B]barrier [C]similarity [D]conflict10. [A]by [B]as [C]through [D]towards11. [A]so [B]since [C]provided [D]though12. [A]serve [B]satisfy [C]upset [D]replace13. [A]confirm [B]express [C]cultivate [D]offer14. [A]guarded [B]followed [C]studied [D]tied15. [A]concepts [B]theories [C]divisions [D]conventions16. [A]excludes [B]questions [C]shapes [D]controls17. [A]dismissed [B]released [C]ranked [D]distorted18. [A]suppress [B]exploit [C]address [D]ignore19. [A]accessible [B]amiable [C]agreeable [D]accountable20. [A]by all means [B]at all costs [C]in a word [D]as a resultSection Ⅱ Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing ［A］,［B］,［C］or［D］. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)Text 1①Come on—Everybody’s doing it.②That whispered message, half invitation and half forcing, is whatmost of us think of when we hear the words peer pressure. ③It usually leads to no good—drinking, drugs andcasual sex. ④But in her new book Join the Club, Tina Rosenberg contends that peer pressure can also be apositive force through what she calls the social cure, in which organizations and officials use the power of groupdynamics to help individuals improve their lives and possibly the world.①Rosenberg, the recipient of a Pulitzer Prize, offers a host of examples of the social cure in action: In70South Carolina, a state-sponsored antismoking program called Rage Against the Haze sets out to makecigarettes uncool. ②In South Africa, an HIV-prevention initiative known as LoveLife recruits young people topromote safe sex among their peers.①The idea seems promising, and Rosenberg is a perceptive observer. ②Her critique of the lameness ofmany pubic-health campaigns is spot-on: they fail to mobilize peer pressure for healthy habits, and theydemonstrate a seriously flawed understanding of psychology. ③“Dare to be different, please don’t smoke!”pleads one billboard campaign aimed at reducing smoking among teenagers —teenagers, who desire nothingmore than fitting in.④Rosenberg argues convincingly that public-health advocates ought to take a page fromadvertisers, so skilled at applying peer pressure.①But on the general effectiveness of the social cure, Rosenberg is less persuasive. ②Join the Club isfilled with too much irrelevant detail and not enough exploration of the social and biological factors that makepeer pressure so powerful. ③The most glaring flaw of the social cure as it’s presented here is that it doesn’twork very well for very long. ④Rage Against the Haze failed once state funding was cut. ⑤Evidence that theLoveLife program produces lasting changes is limited and mixed.①There’s no doubt that our peer groups exert enormous influence on our behavior. ②An emerging bodyof research shows that positive health habits—as well as negative ones—spread。