Dresier(浅析德莱赛德在嘉莉妹妹中的自然主义).doc

Dresiers Naturalism in Sister Carrie摘要:美国作家西奥多德莱赛被认为美国自然主义的杰出代表，本文以其第一部小说 《嘉莉妹妹》为例分析德莱赛自然主义德一些特征论文从德莱赛创作嘉莉妹妹 的历史文化背景出发，研究德莱赛在《嘉莉妹妹》中表现出来的自然主义论文 涉及该小说的两大背景：一•是达尔文主义和宿命论；二是美国自然主义同时分 析自然主义的三大特点：欲望，本能和环境，人的本能欲望迫使人一•直想往更高 处走，动物的本能可能迫使人为了达到H的不择手段的使用各种计策，大的环境 直接决定了这个人的命运以及他最后是否能够获得成功通过对这三方面德分 析，最后得出结论：《嘉莉妹妹》一文中的主人公嘉莉在欲望的驰:使下，使用各 种手段最后虽然获得了成功，但是她最后却始终与孤独相伴同时本文还对自然主义存在的缺陷进行了批判，自然主义过分强调悲观主义决定 论和人性兽性化这些倾向势必会影响到读者在阅读自然主义作品中对人性的分 析和评价因此，读者应秉承凡事都有两面性的原则，对人性本善充满信心，看 到人性中真善美的一面关键词自然主义；环境因素；遗传因素；欲望Abstract：Theodore Dreiser is regarded as an outstanding representative of American naturalism. In this thesis, Dreiser" s first novel Sister Carrie is taken as an example to analyze the features of Dreisers naturalism. The thesis referred to two great historical and cultural background of the novel which are Darwinism, Determinism. American Naturalism. Meanwhile the thesis analyzes three features of naturalism. At last, we can draw the conclusion that the leading character of the novel-Carrie s destiny has a great connection with Dreiser himself and the decline of Hurstwood is a result of Dreisers fear of failure, but Dreiser attributes Carrie and Hurstwoods unhappiness to their insatiable desire for life or they are doomed to be unhappy etc, and from which we can see Dreiser s naturalism easily.At the same time, the paper criticize the shortcomings of naturalism. Naturalism pays too much attention to the determinism and human beast. These factors may cause effects on the reading of the readers. Therefore,readers should have an exact attitude in reading Sister Carrie.Key Words：Naturalism; Environment; Hereditary; DesireContentsI . Introduction 1II .Environmental Factors for Carrie 52.1 The Living Environmental Factors—the Lure of the Big City 52.2 The Social Environment Factors -the Lure of Love 62.3.The Work Environmental Factor~the lure of chances 7III. Hereditary Factors for Carrie 83.1 A Gift of Beauty 93.2A Sentimental Hear 103.3An Endless Desire 11IV. Critique for Sister Carrie 134.1 Critique of Pessimistic Determinism 144.2Critique of the Concept of Human Beast 15V .Conclusion 17Bibliography 19I .IntroductionAt the very beginning of the paper,it is of importance to introduce Sister Carrie.Sister Carrie is the first novel of Dresier,it was seemed as the beginning work of his naturalism.This novel takes the development of the industry of American city as the background,describes a story that a beautiful girl come to Chicago and the process that she succeed in the high level society.Dresier pays more attention to the influence of Carriers fate of environment factors and heredity factors. These two factors are the main features of Naturalism. Naturalism is evolved from realism and it is the outgrowth of realism.lt appeared at the end of the 19th century,came from France.lt was influenced by Charles Darwin theory of evolution.Human life was governed by the two crushing forces of heredity and environment,this ideal was picked up by writers in different countries.They held that realism was too genteel in tone to reveal the harsh reality. Then,they ushered a literary movement called Naturalism.The major features of naturalism is that determinism.The second one is that the universe is cold,godless,indifferent and hostile to human desires.Life becomes a struggle of survival.The last one is that naturalism is a harsher and extreme form of realism.The main figures of naturalism are Stephen Crane,Frank Norris and Theodore Dresier.Besides that,it is easy to understand that naturalism has many limitations.The puipose of this paper is to discuss SisterCarrie with critical eyes,criticizing pessimistic determinism and the concept of human beast as reflected in the novel.Except for the introduction and conclusion, this paper includes three chapters.The first and second chapter describe the obvious factors that decide Carries fate: one is environmental factors,the other is heredity factors.The first chapter discusses that environmental factor have a great influence on Carries life.lt tellspeople that one man would success if she is in an advantageous environment.On the opposite,she will be fail in fate. This paper discusses three differentenvironmental factors that include living environment,social environment and work environment.The reason why Carrie gets succeed in big city just because of these factors fit fbr her properly.Chapter two discusses the naturalistic heredity factors for Carrie. There is one famous principle for naturalism.That is,hereditary decides fate.Like Darwins evolution theory,one person will survive if he adapt for the environment,or he will be out.lt is obvious that Carrie has many advantages,such as her appearance,her cleverness and so on.All of these factors make her adapt for the environment well. And she also has a desire for enjoying the life of the big city.And her success in the big city proves to readers that“only the fittest can be survived 。