无机化合物命名总结.doc

Binary Compounds:HCl(氯化氢） hydrogen chlorideH2S hydrogen sulfideNF3 nitrogen fluorideAs2O3 diarsenic trioxide PCl3 phosphorous trichloridePCl5 phosphorous pentachlorideCO Carbon monoxidCO2 Carbon dioxideSO3 Sulfur trioxideN2O3 Dinitrogen trioxideP2O5 Diphosphorus pentoxide N2O4 Dinitrogen tetroxideN2O5 dinitrogen pentoxideFeO Iron(II) oxide (Ferrous oxide)Fe2O3 Iron(III) oxide (Ferric oxide)Fe3O4 Ferroferric oxidePb3O4 Trilead tetroxideNa2O2 Sodium peroxide非金属氢化物:除了水和氨气使用俗称water，ammonia以外，其它的非金属氢化物都用系统名称，命名规则根据化学式的写法不同而有所不同。

（1）对于卤族和氧族氢化物，Ｈ在化学式中写在前面，因此将其看成与另一元素的二元化合物HF hydrogen fluoride HCl hydrogen chlorideHBr hydrogen bromide HI hydrogen iodide H2S hydrogen sulfide H2Se hydrogen selenide H2Te hydrogen telluride （2）对于其它族的非金属氢化物，Ｈ在化学式中写在后面，可加后缀-ane，氮族还可加-ine PH3: phosphine或phosphane AsH3: arsine或arsane SbH3: stibine或stibane　 BiH3: bismuthane CH4: methane SiH4: silane B2H6: diborane 酸（acid）含氧酸：H2CO3 Carbonic acidHClO4 perchloric acid ClO4- perchlorate ionHClO3 chloric acid ClO3- chlorate ionHClO2 chlorous acid ClO2- chlorite ionHClO hypochlorous acid ClO- hypochlorite ionH2SO4 sulfuric acid H2SO3 sulfurous acidHNO3 nitric acid HNO2 nitrous acidHPO3 metaphosphoric acid S2O32- thiosulfate ion无氧酸:HCl: hydrochloric acidH2S : hydrosulfuric acid碱(Bases)Al(OH)3 Aluminum hydroxideNaOH Sodium hydroxide Ca(OH)2 Calcium hydroxideBa(OH)2 Barium hydroxideCo(OH)2 Cobalt(II) hydroxide盐(Salts)HgSO4 Mercury(II) sulfate Hg2SO4 Mercury(I) sulfate KNO3 Potassium nitrateNa2CO3 Sodium carbonate NaClO Sodium hypochloriteFeSO4 iron(II) sulfate KMnO4 potassium permanganate酸式盐：(Acidic salts) NaHSO4 Sodium hydrogen sulfateNa2HPO4 Disodium hydrogen phosphate NaH2PO4 Sodium dihydrogen phosphate Ca(HSO4)2 Calcium bisulfate or Calcium hydrogen sulfateNaHCO3 Sodium hydrogencarbonate 或 Sodium bicarbonate 碱式盐（Basic salts）Cu2(OH)2CO3 Dicopper(II) dihydroxycarbonate Ca(OH)Cl Calcium hydroxychloride 复盐(Mixed salts)NaKSO3 Sodium potassium sulfiteCaNH4PO4 Calcium ammonium phosphateAgLiCO3 Silver lithium carbonate NaNH4SO4 Sodium ammonium sulfateKNaCO3: potassuim sodium carbonate水合盐 ：AlCl3∙6H2O: aluminum chloride 6-water 或 aluminum chloride hexahydrate AlK(SO4)2∙12H2O: aluminium potassium sulfate 12-water络合物：Ligand： NH3 Ammine CO Carbonyl H2O Aqua CH3NH2 Methylamine H2NCCNH2 EthylenediamineLi[AlH4] Lithium tetrahydroaluminate(III)[Ag(NH3)2]Cl Diamminesilver(I) chlorideK4[Fe(CN)6] Potassium hexacyanoferrate(II)[Cu(NH3)4]SO4 Tetraamminecopper(II) sulfateNi(CO)4 Tetracarbonylnickel(0)无机分析化学常用词汇总结H2SO4 sulfuric acid HCl hydrogen chloride or hydrochloric acidHNO3 nitric acidHNO2 nitrous acidHCN hydrogen cyanide or hydrocyanic acid Na2S sodium sulfideCuSO4 copper (II) sulfate or cupric sulfateFe(NO3)3 iron (III) nitrate or ferric nitrateHClO4 perchloric acidKCN potassium cyanideNH4Cl ammonium chlorideNaClO sodium hypochloriteNaOH sodium hydroxideMn(OH)2 Manganese(II) hydroxide Fe2O3 iron(III) oxide or ferric oxide P2O5 Diphosphorus pentoxide H2O2 hydrogen peroxideK2Cr2O7 potassium dichromate Cu2(OH)2CO3 Dicopper(II) dihydroxycarbonateCaHPO4 calcium hydrogen phosphatePtCl42- tetrachloroplatinum(II)[Ag(NH3)2]Cl Diamminesilver(I) chlorideK4[Fe(CN)6] Potassium hexacyanoferrate(II)period（周期） group（族）s/p/d block (s 、p 、d 区) main group element（主族元素）transition element 过渡元素alkali metal（碱金属）alkaline earth metal（碱土金属）halogen (卤素) chalcogen (硫族) rare earth (稀土)noble gas (inert gas) (惰性气体) lanthanide (镧系)actinide (锕系)transition metals 过渡金属inner transition metals 内过渡金属metal ； nonmetal ； metalloid (金属，准金属, 半金属)electron 电子 proton 质子neutron 中子photon 光子nucleus 原子核 atomic number 原子序数relative atomic mass 相对原子量Wavefunction atomic orbital (原子轨道)ground state (基态) excited state (激发态)many-electron atom (multi-)(多电子原子)electron configuration (电子排布)valence electron（价电子）covalent /metallic /ionic bond（共价﹑金属﹑离子键）coordinate covalent bond（配位共价键）single /doubl。