人教版七年级英语下册第八单元知识点总结.pdf

学习必备欢迎下载Unit 8 Is there a post office near here? 一重点单词和短语post office 邮局go straight沿着. 直走police station警察局turn right=turn to the right 向右拐pay phone 投币式公用turn left=turn to the left 向左转on the Fifth Avenue 在第五大街go along=walk along=go down沿着走across from 在. 对面on one s left在某人的左边next to 紧靠on the right在右边betweenand.在和之间at the first crossing 在第一个十字路口in front of 在前面welcome to 欢迎到 .in the neighborhood在附近a house with a beautiful garden 一个带漂亮花园的near here在这附近enjoy reading 享受阅读take a walk=have a walk 散步look like 看起来take a taxi 乘出租车have a good trip 旅途愉快the way to 去. 的路上have fun 玩到开心二重点单词和短语1. There be 句型(1)结构： There be+sb./sth. + 地点 表示“在某地有某人或某物” （there 是引导词，没有词义； be 是谓语动词；某人 /物是主语，地点作状语，多为介词短语）E.g. There is a bank in the neighborhood. (2)There be 句型的谓语动词be在人称和数上应以后面的第一个名词保持一致。

如果后面的名词是可数名词单数或不可数名词，谓语动词用is. E.g. There is some salad on the table . 如果后面的名词是可数名词复数，谓语动词用 are. E.g. There are some students in the classroom. 如果 There be 句型中有多个名词， be 动词通常与第一个名词保持人称和数的一致E.g. There is a boy and two girls in the room. There are two girls and a boy in the room. (3)There be 句型的一般疑问句：将be 动词提到句首Are there any students in the classroom? 肯定回答： Yes, there is /are. 否定回答： No, there isn t/aren t. E.g. Is there a bank near here? Yes, there is ./No ,there isn t.(4)There be 句型的否定句：在be 后加 notE.g. There is a post office near hear. There isn t a post office near hear. (5)There be 句型的特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词（组）+be +there +其他精品p d f 资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 1 页，共 7 页 - - - - - - - - - - 学习必备欢迎下载E.g. There are three pens in my schoolbag.(请对划线部分进行提问). How many pens are there in your schoolbag? 【拓展】 there be和 have 都表示“有 .” ，但有所区别：含义不同。

there be 结构表示的是“某地有某物/人” ，强调“存在关系”；have则表示“某人 /某物所有”，强调“所属关系”E.g. There is a bus in our factory. Our factory has a bus. 句型不同there be 结构的句型为“ There be + 某物/某人+某地” ，否定句是把 not 放在 be 之后，疑问句是把be提到句首；have句型为“某人 /某物+ have/ has +某物/某人” ，否定句通常是在have前加 dont ( has 前加 doesnt )，疑问句是在句首加do（第三人称单数加 does） E.g. There isnt a cat under the chair. She doesn t have two brothers. 用 there is 或 there are还是用 have或 has均取决于句子的主语但there be 句型里有两个或多个并列主语时， be习惯上和最靠近的那个在数上保持一致E.g. There is a bike under the tree. There are some bikes under the tree. There is an apple and two oranges on the table. You have a new book./ You have some new books. He has a new book./ He have some new books. 当表示某物的构成和组成部分时，用there be 和 have均可。

E.g. Our school has twenty classes. (= There are twenty classes in our school.) 2. across from 意为“在的对面” ，后面接表示地点的名词或代词E.g. We live across from the street. There is a bank across from the library. 表示“在的对面”的短语还有： on the other side of. The bus stop is on the other side of the river. be opposite to. The fruit shop is opposite the post office. 3、next to 表示“在 .旁边；靠近；紧挨着” ，后接表地点的名词或代词E.g. The pay phone is next to the library. The garden is next to my house. 【辨析】 near也表示“在 .旁边” ，但与 next to 有所区别：从空间上讲， near只表示“在 .旁边；在 .附近”而 next to 有“紧挨着”之意；也就是说next to 比 near靠的更近。

试比较：E.g. Peter sits next to Mike. Peter sits near Tom. 4.【辨析】 between和 amongbetween 表示“在 .中间” ，常与 and连接，构成短语 between.and. ，指在两者之间精品p d f 资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 2 页，共 7 页 - - - - - - - - - - 学习必备欢迎下载E.g. I sit between Lucy and Lily. among 也表示“在 .中间” ，指在三者或三者以上的中间E.g. My brother is among those boys. 5.【辨析】 in front of/ in the front of 都表示“在 .前面”in front of 指在物体外部的前面There is a bank in front of the hospital in the front of 指在物体内部的前面The teacher s desk is in the front of the classroom. 6. cross 动词表示“横过；越过”E.g. He has to cross the river to school. across 介词 表示“横过；穿过”E.g. He has to walk across the river to school. Through 介词，表示“（从中间）穿过”E.g. go through the forest/park 注：across表示从一定范围的一边另一边, 动作在物体表面进行。

E.g. go/walk across the road/bridge/street 7. spend 动词，表示“花（时间、金钱） ”spend on sth.（名词）“在某事或某物上花费金钱或时间”E.g. I usually spend one hour on my homework. Linda spends ten yuan on this book. spend (in) doing sth. “花费金钱或时间做某事”E.g. I usually spend one hour (in) doing my homework. She often spends twenty minutes (in) walking to school. 8. pay 动词，表示“付钱；付费；付款” （过去式为 paid）pay for +物 “付钱买某物”E.g. He paid for the books. pay +钱+for +物“付多少钱买某物”E.g. He paid 200 yuan for the books. pay sb. some money for sth. E.g. He paid her 20 dollars for the shoes. 9. see/watch/hear sb. doing sth. 表示“看见 /观看/听见某人正在做某事”E.g. I love to watch the monkeys climbing around. I often hear some girls singing in the classroom. 10. To get to the park , you just have to cross Center Street. to get to the park 是目的状语前置 ， just 起增强语气的作用，和此处的have to表示“只要，仅需”。

E.g. To get a good grade, we must study hard. 11. enjoy 动词，表示“享受；喜爱”enjoyable adj. 表示“高兴的”enjoy sth./sb. “喜欢某物 /某人”E.g. Do you enjoy this book? enjoy doing sth. “喜欢做某事”E.g. He enjoys listening to music. 精品p d f 资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 3 页，共 7 页 - - - - - - - - - - 学习必备欢迎下载enjoy oneself =have fun =have a good time 表示“玩得高兴”E.g. Do you enjoy yourself today? have fun (in) doing sth. “做某事很有乐趣” E.g. We have fun (in) learning and speaking English. 12. easy 形容词，表示“容。