考研英语阅读真题解析和全文翻译(1994-2005).doc

1 考研英语阅读真题解析和全文翻译考研英语阅读真题解析和全文翻译 （（2005－－1994）） 2005 Text 1 Everybody loves a fat pay rise. Yet pleasure at your own can vanish if you learn that a colleague has been given a bigger one. Indeed, if he has a reputation for slacking, you might even be outraged. Such behaviour is regarded as “all too human”, with the underlying assumption that other animals would not be capable of this finely developed sense of grievance. But a study by Sarah Brosnan and Frans de Waal of Emory University in Atlanta, Georgia, which has just been published in Nature, suggests that it is all too monkey, as well. The researchers studied the behaviour of female brown capuchin monkeys. They look cute. They are good-natured, co-operative creatures, and they share their food tardily. Above all, like their female human counterparts, they tend to pay much closer attention to the value of “goods and services” than males. Such characteristics make them perfect candidates for Dr. Brosnan's and Dr. de waal's study. The researchers spent two years teaching their monkeys to exchange tokens for food. Normally, the monkeys were happy enough to exchange pieces of rock for slices of cucumber. However, when two monkeys were placed in separate but adjoining chambers, so that each could observe what the other was getting in return for its rock, their behaviour became markedly different. In the world of capuchins grapes are luxury goods (and much preferable to cucumbers) So when one monkey was handed a grape in exchange for her token, the second was reluctant to hand hers over for a mere piece of cucumber. And if one received a grape without having to provide her token in exchange at all, the other either tossed her own token at the researcher or out of the chamber, or refused to accept the slice of cucumber .Indeed, the mere presence of a grape in the other chamber (without an actual monkey to eat it) was enough to induce resentment in a female capuchin. The researches suggest that capuchin monkeys, like humans, are guided by social emotions. In the wild, they are a co-operative, group-living species, Such co-operation is likely to be stable only when each animal feels it is not being cheated. Feelings of righteous indignation, it seems, are not the preserve of people alone, Refusing a lesser reward completely makes these feelings abundantly clear to other members of the group. However, whether such a sense of fairness evolved independently in capuchins and humans, or whether it stems from the common ancestor that the species had 35 million years ago, is, as yet, an unanswered question. 21. In the opening paragraph, the author introduces his topic by [A]. posing a contrast. [B]. justifying an assumption. [C]. making a comparison. [D]. explaining a phenomenon. 2 22. The statement “it is all too monkey” (Last line, paragraph l) implies that [A]. monkeys are also outraged by slack rivals. [B]. resenting unfairness is also monkeys' nature. [C]. monkeys, like humans, tend to be jealous of each other. [D]. no animals other than monkeys can develop such emotions. 23. Female capuchin monkeys were chosen for the research most probably because they are [A]. more inclined to weigh what they get. [B]. attentive to researchers' instructions. [C]. nice in both appearance and temperament. [D]. more generous than their male companions 24. Dr. Brosnan and Dr. de Waal have eventually found in their study that the monkeys [A]. prefer grapes to cucumbers. [B]. can be taught to exchange things. [C]. will not be co-operative if feeling cheated. [D]. are unhappy when separated from others. 25. What can we infer from the last paragraph? [A]. Monkeys can be trained to develop social emotions. [B]. Human indignation evolved from an uncertain source. [C]. Animals usually show their feelings openly as humans do. [D]. Cooperation among monkeys remains stable only in the wild. 核心词汇：核心词汇： a fat pay rise 涨得很高的工资 vanish （消失，不复存在）The wonderful vanished into thin air.美梦化 作泡影 I thought it would rain, but the clouds have vanished and it's a fine day.我原以为天要下 雨的，可是云消失了，是个好天。

［巧记］van=empty 空+ish 形容词后缀：倾向于 colleague  （同事，同僚）David is a colleague of mine.戴维是我的同事 ［巧记］col=con 共同+leag=leg 选+ue→共同被选出的［辨］ companion （同伴，共事 者）即 com 一起+pan 面包+ion→一起吃面包→谋生的人 A dog is a faithfull companyion. 狗是忠实的伙伴 reputation  （名气，名声，名望）a man of good reputation 名誉很好的人 Live up to one’s reputation.不负盛名［巧记］re 再一，重新+put 思 考+ation 3 slack  （懈怠，懒散）slack work 马虎的工作 slack laws 不完善的法律 Bussiness is slack at this season.这一季节生意萧条 The tennis net hung slack.网球的网松悬着 ［记：谐音］怪物“史莱克”是“懒散”的。

outrage  （暴行，伤害，激怒） An outrage against justice.对正义 的严重损害 Members of Parliament were outraged by the news of bomb outrages in the country. 国内发生了炸弹暴力事件的消息引起了国会议员的义愤 ［巧记］out 过度+rage 动怒→“出 离愤怒了” all to human 人所特有的→人性 underling （潜在的，含蓄的） There are underlying similarities between all human beings.人 与人之间有内在相似之处 The underlying theme of the novel is very serious.小说内在的主题 很严肃［巧记］under（下面）＋ assu。