2022年国际贸易实务英文版第三版知识点及模拟题.docx

精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 国际贸易实务 〔下划线为重点记忆和懂得,无的为一般记忆和明白 〕 Chapter one 1. 国际贸易概念： International trad e is also known as worl d trade, foreign trade, overseas trade. It refers to the process of fair and d eliberate exchange of goods or services between two or more countries, involving the use of two or more currencies. Besides, international trade concerns trade operations of both import and export and includes the purchase and sale of both visible and invisibl e goods. 2. 国际贸易产生的缘由： （明白） 1〕 Resource reasons 〔natural resource, human resource and technology〕 2〕 Economic reasons 〔economic benefits, comparative advantage and economies of scale〕 Other reasons 〔political reasons, differences in tastes, preferences and 3〕 consumption patterns〕 3. 国际贸易与国内贸易的不同：In particular, international trad e is more subject to: 1〕 2〕 3〕 4〕 5〕Language habits and cultural differences Foreign laws, customs and regulations or international rul es Exchange rate fluctuations and interest rate Higher level of political, financial and transportation risks More complex business procedures therefore managers need a broader range of management skills 4. 国际贸易的分类：1〕从货物流向（ direction of cargo fl ow）分: export trad e, import trad e and transit trade〔过境贸易 〕 2〕从参加的贸易方（ the number of participants ）分： direct trad e, indirect trad e and entrepot trad e〔转口贸易 〕 转口贸易 ：entrepot trade refers to the transaction which involves importing goods from overseas for further processing or assembling and the re-exporting the goods abroad. 转口贸易又称中转贸易或再输出贸易,是指国际贸易中进出口货 物的买卖, 不是在生产国和消费国之间直接进行, 而是通过第三国转手进行的贸易；对于第三国来说, 就是转口贸易, 与过境贸易的最大区分在于货物的全部权会发生转移,并且只涉及一个贸易方；国际上有很多中转地,如新加坡,香港,鹿特丹等3）从商品形式（ form of goods）分： 有形贸易（ visibl e/tangibl e goods trade）和 无形贸易（ invisibl e/intangibl e goods trade）4〕 按结算方式（ the settlement instrument ）分：易货贸易（ barter trade）和 自 由结汇贸易（ free-liquidation trad e）5. 进出口贸易的程序： Export and import procedures: General speaking, from the beginning to the end of a transaction, the whole operation und ergoes four stages: 1〕 the preparation of a transaction 2〕 the negotiation of the contract 3〕 the performance of the contract 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页,共 45 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 4〕 the settlement of disputes 其中其次个环节：①Negotiation can be conducted in two forms: In words 〔face-to-face negotiation or negotiation through tel ephone〕 In writing 〔business correspond ence which includes letters, faxes, e-mails〕 ② Four main steps: 询 盘 〔enquiry〕, 发 盘 〔offer〕, 仍 盘 〔counter-offer〕, 接 受〔acceptance〕 Chapter two 国际贸易术语1.三种贸易术语的说明规章 （three sets of rules）1〕 1932 年华沙牛津规章（ Warsaw-Oxford Rules 1932）2〕 美国对外贸易修正案 1941）1941 （ Revised American Foreign Trade Definitions 3〕 2000 年国际贸易术语说明通就（Trade Terms 2000）International Rul es for the Interpretation of 2. incoterms2000 的具体内容（E、F、C、D 组的划分, 重点在 F、C类）（这个不知道怎么写,看书本 P34-42）3. 装运合同术语和到货合同术语区分Shipment contract:起运前交付（ the delivery will happen at the time or before the time of shipment ）如： E F C 类 Arrival contract : 到达目的地后交付（ deliver at the time of arrival ）5. 象征性交接合实际交接 Symbolic delivery: 买方并没有实质性的接受到货物,而是通过一系列运输单据 证明其交接；（ the buyer does not physically receive the goods, the delivery is proved by the submission of transport d ocument by the seller to the buyer ）只意 味着买方同意了买方交货的事实, 并不代表买方接受了该批货物就是与合同一样的货物；Actual delivery: the buyer 〔or his time of delivery agent〕 physically receives the goods upon the Chapter three 出口商品的价格 1.出口商品价格的表达（ expression of export price ）The standard format of a price in international trad e has four components 通常一个标准出口价格包括四个部分：货币 （a code of currency ）金额 （a number indicating the price ）数量单位 （a unit for measuring quantity ）贸易术语（ a certain trade term ）例如： USD22.5/Piece CIF New York 这是一种出口价格的表现形式,在纽约市用 22.5 美元 2. 价格的运算CIF 贸易术语进行交易,每件货为FOB价格： 以出口国货币运算 FOB= total cost + profit 以外国货币运算FOB= 〔Total cost + profit〕/ Exchange rate 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页,共 45 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - CFR价格： CFR= FOB + Ocean freight CIF 价格： CIF=FOB + Ocean freight +Insurance Premium Insurance premium =CIF *〔1+markup〕 *Premium rate〔R〕 CIF=CFR / 〔1-markup*R〕 包含佣金（ commission ）的价格： ①Commission 〔C〕 = contract value * commission rate ②Price including C = net price / 〔1 – C rates〕 Net price = price including C 〔1- C rates〕 Price including C 指的是 FOB 或 FCA 条件下的价格 折扣价： Discount = contract price * discount rate Actual price = contract price – discount = contract price * 〔1- discount rate〕 3. 价格评估的两个指标：出口利润率（ Export profit margin ）: Export profit margin = export revenue 〔FOB〕 – export cost 〔FOB〕 Export revenue 〔FOB〕 公式中用的是 FOB 价格,即不包含运费保险费的价格,并且使用的是出口国货 币；反映的是一单位的销售额能赚取多少的利润,越大越好出口换汇成本 （Export Cost for Foreign Exchange ）: Export cost for foreign exchange = export cost in local currency Export revenue in foreign currency 该指标反映的是要赚取。