
【推荐】初中英语语法笔记,非常简明而全面.doc
65页目录索引词法-冠词名词代词(所有格)介词(介词短语)形容词副词数词连词动词-非谓语动词情态动词系动词及物动词、不及物动词六大时态被动语态主谓一致there be句型句子-句子成分特殊疑问句反意疑问句祈使句感叹句时间状语从句系列状语从句宾语从句定语从句第一讲 冠词一、冠词的分类1. 不定冠词:a/an 修饰可数名词单数2. 定冠词:the 修饰可数名词或不可数名词3. 零冠词:/ 修饰可数名词或不可数名词二、不定冠词的用法 (表示泛指)1. 音素掌门:判断一个单词或字母前加a还是an, 首先需要判断它发音的第一个音素→若为元音音素,如a:, ei, 则用an →an unusual day an hour; an honest man, an American an egg, →若为辅音音素,如p, h, 则用a →a usual day; a European country, a one-eyed man, a broken egg, 2. a/an 大法:U 型大法,是指 U 有两个音,发/ju:/时用 a,发/ʌ/时用 an。
eg. a UFO a uniform(制服) a usual man an unusual man an umbrella(雨伞) an ugly UFO a university(大学) an ugly dog a useful book:欧洲两怪,是指元音字母开头,但是发辅音 eg. a one-year-old boy a European a one-eyed man a European country:隔山打牛山”是指开头不发音字母 h eg. an honest boy an hour a heavy box:吸星大法字母单独出现时的用法第一个音素是辅音的字母】 a “C” in the word “CAT”【第一个音素是元音的字母】 下面字母单独出现时只能用 an eg. an NBA player; an “f”in the word “friend” 总结:(father 和 mother 能送来杏仁+a e i o) f h m n s l x r a e I o 3.固定短语:1. It was getting late. She went back home ___B____. | 总结:A. in hurry B. in a hurry C. in the hurry D. in hurriesdo sth. | in a hurry 匆忙地做某事2. I am in trouble. Could you give me ___A____. |A. a hand B. hands C. two hands D. hand | give sb. a hand帮助某人*可数名词以其中一个代表一类时(强调整体):A bird can fly。
三、定冠词的用法口诀:独旧双方级乐序 姓形山河惯建筑具体:独一无二的名词前;文中出现过,下文再次提到的名词前;双方都知道的名词;表示方向的名词;最高级前面,西洋乐器前面,序数词前面; 姓氏复数前;形容词前加the表示一类人;山河湖海前;习惯用法;某些建筑前独:独一无二the sun, the moon, the earth (独一无二的天体)旧:上文提到There is a woman. The woman is a witch.双:双方皆知 Look at the blackboard.(在课堂上)方:方向方位the east, the west, the south, the north级:形容词最高级the best, the most beautiful乐:演奏西洋乐器7下1】play the piano/guitar/violin序:序数词前the first, the second, the third姓:the+姓氏 s, 表示一家人the Smiths(史密斯一家人); the +姓氏 s’ 表示“家;住宅”; the Smiths’史密斯的家形:the+形容词表示一类人。
the rich(富人) , the young(年轻人) ,the old(老人)山河:某些山川河流the Yellow River惯:习惯用法in the morning, at night建筑:某些建筑前the Great Wall, the Summer Palace, the White House (独一无二的建筑物)特:特指某些人或物7下1】The girg under the tree is Lily 国:国家全称和缩写前加 the, 简称前不加 theThe United States of America(全称)The USA(缩写) America(简称) the People’s Republic of China(the PRC) Chinese(国家简称前不加 the)*only, same ,very等词前要加 the中国传统节日前 the Spring Festival, the Dragon Boat Festival; 特例:Christmas Day(西方的不加 the)*不加 the 表第一功能,加 the 表第二功能。
例如:go to school(去上学),go to the school(去学校) go to hospital(去看病),go to the hospital(去医院)Go to church(去做礼拜),go to thechurch(去教堂)Go to bed(去睡觉),go to the bed(去床上)四、零冠词的用法人名地名抽象名 (如 Tom,Beijing, love)复数泛指都加零 (泛指是说范围广泛,没有特定指哪个或哪些)季月节假日餐球 (季节,月份,节假日,三餐,球类)语言学科运动车 (语言,学科,运动球类项目,by+交通工具)1. 人名地名抽象名(如 Tom,Beijing, love) (抽象指的是看不见摸不着只能感受到的东西) ( 专有名词,抽象名词,国家名的简称,) Love is important(重要的). Tom is a smart boy. Beijing is the capital of China.2. 复数泛指都加零(复数名词表示泛指,是说范围广泛,没有特定指哪个或哪些) Boys like doing the sports. Water is also very important.3. 季月节假日餐球(季节,月份,节假日,三餐,球类) I went to Guangzhou in Spring/in July. Teachers’ Day is coming. We often have breakfast/lunch/supper at home. He often plays football/basketball.4. 语言学科运动车(语言,学科,运动球类项目,by+交通工具) English is very popular(流行的) in the world. He always plays basketball. He goes to school by bike.5. 独一无二的职位之前,做补语,表语,同位语 *职位、头衔和称呼等名称前。
6 固定搭配中:不加 the 表第一功能,加 the 表第二功能例如:go to school(去上学),go to the school(去学校) go to hospital(去看病),go to the hospital(去医院)Go to church(去做礼拜),go to thechurch(去教堂)Go to bed(去睡觉),go to the bed(去床上)版本二:0 1 2 3 4 6 7 X0: 球类运劢 12:月份 3:三餐 4:四季 6:by+ 交通工具7: 星期 X:学科 如at night, face to face, by car/busplay ___/__ tennis in ___/___ January have __/___lunchin ____/___winter by__/____ bus on ____/___Monday___/___(History) history is very interesting.7. 其他:*复数名词表示一类人或物时:I like tomatoes。
I can't stand thrillers恐怖片*两个词义相同或相近的名词连用时Year and year day and night *名词前已经有作定语的this、that 等指示代词的或有my、your等物主代词的,或有some、any等不定代词的 These clothes our room五. 易错点辨析1. go to school 去上学 go to the school 去学校(不一定上学)2. at table 吃饭 at the table 在桌子旁边(不一定吃饭)3. in hospital 生病住院 in the hospital 在医院(不一定生病)名词一、 名词分类:分为专有名词和普通名词;普通名词分为可数和不可数名词 二、名词复数一、规则变化口诀 “五明” 1)直接加 s, 例如 cars, book, bottles. 2)以 s, sh, ch, x 结尾+es, 例 如 bus-buses, watch-watches, brush-brushes, box-boxes,glass-glasses 口诀:“不吃死蛇”(不—X,吃—ch, S-死,蛇—sh)3)辅音字母加 y 结尾,改 y 为 i 加 es,例 如 family-families, city-cities.4)以 f 或 fe 结尾,去 f 或 fe 加 ves, 例如 wife-wives,leaf→leaves knife→knives 口诀:半片 树叶 自己 黄,妻子拿刀要杀狼,小偷逃命架后藏。
