18世纪的英国历史背景.ppt

The background of 18th century in UK 2021/6/1611 Industrial Revolution2 Political system3 War 4 Society and life5 Morality 6 Towns7 Agriculture8 Food9 Furniture10 Transport2021/6/162Industrial Revolution•Time: late 18th century•steam engines •Higher living standard , more people in towns and cities•The first mechanized industry: textile industry• •The UK was the first industrial country in the world2021/6/163Some inventions•The safety pin in 1849. •Electric iron in 1882 common 1930s. •Dry cleaning in1855. •The zip fastener in 1893. 2021/6/164 the political system the constitutional monarchy[君主立宪制度] Parties: the Tory[托利党] the Whig[辉格党]lParliament: the Prime Minister 首相 His/Her Cabinet 内阁 the House of Lords 上院 the House of Commons 下院 2021/6/165WarThe reign of kings or queen: Queen Anne [1702—1714] George 1 [1714—1727] George 2 [1727—1760] George 3 [1760—1820]the War of Spanish Succession with France 1702—1714the War of Austrian Succession 1740—1748the Seven Years’ War with France 1756—1763By the end of 18th century England had become the leading Naval power in Europe.2021/6/166Society and Life1. Population: mid of 18th 2 million late over 9 million2. Main form of wealth : owning land Political power and influence : landowners3. Class: top nobility below rich landowner—gentry middle merchants and professional men below craftsmen and laborers 2021/6/167The Times4.Newspapers and Journals: parties ideas middle class opinions on political and moral problems2021/6/168•5. Coffeehouse: informal meeting house• time: later half of 17and18 century•People: all classes•clubs2021/6/169The new morality•Against the fanaticism of the Puritans•Enjoy peace and prosperity2021/6/1610TownObviously: largerParticularly: in the Midland and the North of England London nearly 1 million end of century2021/6/1611Agriculture•Transformed by the industrial revolution•Invention: seed drill•most lands into 3 fields. • Each year 2 fields sown with crops the third was left fallow (unused). 2021/6/1612 Food•Little change: ordinary people remained plain and monotonous Poor people: bread and potatoesTea: very common 2021/6/1613Furniture•In 1778 Joseph Bramah invented patented the modern water closet.2021/6/1614Transport•turnpike trusts : [税收] 收费高速公路；收税关卡 first in 1663 common in 18th centuryCannels travel dangerous highwaymenSmuggling was also very common 2021/6/1615•Tim Lambert•A computer scientist in the university of South Wales 2021/6/1616Thank you heartily2021/6/1617 结束语结束语若有不当之处，请指正，谢谢！若有不当之处，请指正，谢谢！。