
情态动词分类.docx
17页分类情态动词有五类:①只做情态动词: must,can(could),may(might),② 可做情态动词又可做实义动词:need,dare③ 可做情态动词又可做助动词:shall(should),will(would) ,ought to④ 具有情态动词特征: have(had,has) to,used to⑤ 情态动词表猜测位置情态动词有一定的词义,但并不完整,必须与动词原形一起构成谓语I can see you. Come here.我能看见你,过来吧He must have been away.他一定走了What can I do for you?我能帮你吗?How dare you treat us like that!你怎能那样对待我们!特点情态动词无人称和数的变化 , 情态动词后面跟的动词需用原形 ,否定式 构成是在情态动词后面加 "not" 个别情态动词有现在式和过去式两种形 式, 过去式用来表达更加客气 , 委婉的语气 , 时态性不强 , 可用于过去,现 在或将来情态动词属非及物动词,故没有被动语态He could be here soon.他很快就来We can't carry the heavy box.我们搬不动那箱子。
I'm sorry I can't help you.对不起,我帮不上你 基本助动词与情态助动词最主要的区别之一是,基本助动词本身没有 词义,而情态助动词则有自己的词义,能表示说话人对有关动作或状态的 看法,或表示主观设想:What have you been doing since? (构成完成进行体, 本身无词义)I am afraid I must be going. (一定要)You may have read some account of the matter. (或许已经)除此之外,情态助动词还有如下词法和句法特征:1) 除 ought 和 used 以外,其他情态动词后面只能接不带 to 的不定 式如果我们把 ought to 和 used to 看做是固定词组的话,那么,所有情 态动词无一例外地只能接不带 to 的不定式:We used to grow beautiful roses.I asked if he would come and repair my television set.2) 情态助动词在限定动词词组总是位居第一:They need not have been punished so severely.3) 情态助动词用于第三人称单数现在时的时候,没有词形变化,即 其词尾无-s形式:She dare not say what she thinks.4) 情态动词没有非限定形式,即没有不定式和分词形式,也没有相 应的动名词:Still, she needn't have run away.5) 情态助动词的 “时”的形式并不是时间区别的主要标志。
在不少场合, 情态助动词的现在时和过去时形式都可以表示现在、过去或将来时间:Would you mind very much if I ask you to do something?She told him he ought not to have done it.6) 情态助动词之间是相互排斥的,即在一个限定动词词组中只能出 现一个情态助动词,但有时却可以与 have 和 be 基本助动词连用:You should have washed the wound.Well, you shouldn't be reading a novel.用法首先它是动词,而且不同于行为动词,行为动词表示的是可以通过行为 来表达的动作(如写,读,跑),而情态动词只是表达的一种想法(如能, 也许,敢)用法是:情态动词 +行为动词原形例句: I can read this sentence in English. 我能用英语读这句话情态动词是一种本身有一定的词义 ,表示说话人的情绪 ,态度或语气的 动词,但不能单独作谓语 , 只能和其他动词原形构成谓语We can be there on time tomorrow. 我们明天能按时去那儿。
May I have your name? 我能知道你的名字吗?Shall we begin now? 我们现在就开始吗?You must obey the school rules. 你必须遵守校规 情态动词数量不多 ,但用途广泛 ,主要有下列 :can (could), may (might), must, need, ought to, dare (dared), s hall (should), will (would),have (to) ,had better.情态动词还有一个很重要的用法,即情态动词表推测 —— 情态动词表推测的用法小结(一)情态动词表推测的三种句式1. 在肯定句中一般用 must (一定),may (可能),might / could (也 许,或许) 1 ) He must/may/might know the answer to this question? 他一定/可能/也许知道这个问题的答案 2) It is cold in the room. They must have turned off the heat ing.屋里很冷,他们肯定把暖气关了。
2. 否定句中用 can't / couldn't(不可能),may not/might not(可能不) 1 ) It can't/couldn't be the headmaster. He has gone to America.这不可能是校长,他去美国了 2) He may not/might not know the scientist. 他也许不认识那位科学家3. 疑问句中用 can/could (能……?) 1 ) Could he have finished the task?他可能把任务完成了吗?( 2) Can he be at home now?他现在能在家吗? 注:以上三种句式中情态动词的语气按程度都是依次递减的 Might, could 并非 may, can 的过去式,而表示语气较为委婉或可能性较小二)情态动词表推测的三种时态1. 对将来情况的推测,用 “ 情态动词 + 动词原形 ” 1 ) She must / may / might / could arrive before 5.5:00 前她一定 /可能/也许到 2) She must/may/might/could walk miles and miles among the hills without meeting anyone.她一定 /可能 /也许会在山里一连走好几英里而遇不到一个人。
2. 对现在或一般情况的推测,用 “情态动词 + be”, “情态动词 +be do ing”或“情态动词+动词原形” 1 ) He must / may / might / could be listening to the radio n ow.他一定/可能/也许正在听收音机 2) He can't ( couldn't ) / may ( might ) not be at home at t his time.这个时候他不可能 /可能不在家3)Mr. Bush is on time for everything .How can ( could ) he be late for the opening ceremony ?布什先生一向准时,这次开幕式他怎么可能迟到呢?3.对过去情况的推测,用“情态动词+ have +过去分词”1)It must / may / might / could have rained last night .The ground is wet.地湿了,昨晚肯定 /可能 /也许下雨了2)The door was locked. He can ( could ) not / may ( might ) not have been at home .门锁着,他不可能 / 可能不在家。
3) Can / Could he have gotten the book ? 难道他找到书了吗?注:情态动词 should /ought to 表推测时,意为 “想必会,理应 ……” 但与“have +过去分词”连用时,则又可构成 虚拟语气意为“本应该做某事却 没做”例如:(4) It's seven o'clock. Jack should/ought to be here at any mo ment.现在七点钟了,杰克理应随时到达推测)(5) She should / ought to have attended your birthday party, but she had to look after her mother in hospital. (虚拟)她本该出席你的生日晚会的,可是她得在医院照顾她妈妈6) Tom should not /ought not to have told me your secret, b ut he meant no harm. (虚拟)汤姆本不该告诉我你的秘密,可是他并无恶意功能助动词 (auxiliary) 主要有两类:基本助动词 (primary auxiliary) 和情态助 动词(modal auxiliary)。
基本助动词有三个:do, have和be ;情态助动词 基本的有十四个: may, might; can, could; will, would; shall, should; must, need, dare, used to, ought to.had better 上述两类助动词的共 同特征是,在协助主动词构成限定动词词组时,具有作用词的功能:1) 构成否定式:He didn't go and neither did she.他没去,她也没去The meeting might not start until 5 o'clock. 会议可能直到五点才开始2) 构成疑问式或附加疑问式:Must you leave right now?你一定要马上离开吗?You have been learning French for 5 years, haven't you? 你已经学了五年法语,不是吗?3)构成修辞倒装:Nowhere can he obtain any information about his sister. 他无处得到他姐姐的任何消息Hardly had he arrived when she started complaining. 他刚到,她就开始抱怨起来。
4 ) 代替限定动词词组:A: Who can solve this crossword puzzle?B: Tom can.A: Shall I write to him?B: Yes, do.can 和 could 的用法1. 表示能力或客观可能性,还可以表示请求和允许如:Can you finish this work tonight? 你今晚能完成这项工作吗?Man can not live 。












