主谓一致——就近原则.docx

主谓一致——就近原则.就近原则短语代表词汇：there be 句型Neither nor Either or Not but Whether or Not only but also 【就远原则短语：谓语动词与前面主语一致I代表词汇： as well as； together/along)with； rather than；xcept；Nobody but two students is in the classroom. 主谓一致现象有一类连接词，其后的谓语动词要与连接词前一部分的主语保持一致此类连接词有 with, along with, together with, as well as, besides, like, without, except (but), including 等例如：Tracy, like many girls, loves dancing. 特蕾西像很多女孩一样，喜欢跳舞All the students, including Tom, are leaving. 所有的学生，包括汤姆都走了No one except (but) me knows about this news. 除了我没有人知道这个消息。

就近原则现象还有另一类连接词，句中的谓语动词要与靠近的主语保持一致此类连接词有 or, either... or, neither...nor, not only... but also 等例如：Neither you nor I am wrong. 你和我都没错Not only the students but also the teacher wishes for a holiday. 不仅是学生，就连老师也期盼一个假期1. There be 句型 There is a book and some pencils on the desk.=There are some pencils and a book on the desk.2. neither...nor... Neither you nor he is right.= Neither he nor you are right.3. either...or... Either they or Jim is going to Shanghai next Saturday.= Either Jim or they are going to shanghai next Saturday.4. not only...but also... Not only Ann but also her parents stay at home every Sunday.= Not only Ann's parents but also she stays at home every Sunday.百度词条：就近原则也称“邻近原则”“就近一致原则”(Proximity),即：谓语与靠近的名词、代词(有时不一定是主语)在人称、 数”上一致。

I•在正式文体中：1. 由下列词语连接的并列主语： "or ; either ...or； nor; neither...or； whether...or； not...but; not only...but also"; 等e.g.① What he does or what he says does not concern me .他的行为或言谈都与我无关② Neither you nor I am wrong .你和我都没错③ Not you but your father is to blame .不是你，而是你父亲该受责备④ Not only you hut(also) he is wrong .不仅你错了，他也错了2. 在倒装句中：谓语可与后面第一个主语一致e.g.① In the distance was heard the clapping of hands and the shouts of the people .在远处，能听见鼓掌声和人们的 呼喊声② There is （are） a pen and some books on the desk .桌上有一支钢笔和几本书。

II. 非正式文体中： 有时依“就近一致原则”，但也可依“意义一致原则”或严格地依“语法一致原则” e.g.Neither she nor I were there （意义一致） 我和他当时都不在那儿非正式）Neither she nor I was there .（就近一致）（译文同上句）（正式） 但是，如果依“就近一致原则”而与其他两项原则相矛盾时，则常常认为是不太合符规范的 e.g.No one except his own supporters agree（s） with him . 仅他自己的支持者同意他的意见依“就近”和“意义”一 致的原则；但语法上，“No one ”才是主语，谓语要改成“agrees”写作中”一般要依“语法一致”原则主谓一致分为两大类：就近一致原则和意义一致原则就近一致原则指的是，以靠近谓语动词的，作主语的名词作为人称和数的参考标准意义一致原则指的是，必须分析主语属于单数或是复数，可数或是不可数，然后才能决定谓 语动词的人称和数的形式就近一致原则（1）连词 not only...but also/ neither...nor/ or/ either...or/ not...butvxx>Not only the stude nts but also the teacher is enjoying the film.不仅学生而且老师都在津津乐道地看着电影。

Neither the stude nts nor the teacher knows anything about it.同学们和老师对此都一无所知Neither he nor they are wholly right.他和他们，谁都不是完全对的Either he or I am right.或者他对，或者我对就近一致原则（2）副词 here/ therevxx>Here comes the bus.瞧，公共汽车来了Here is a pen cil-box for you.这儿有一个铅笔盒要给你Here are my replies to your questi ons.这些是我针对你的问题的回答There is an apple, two bananas and some ora nges on the plates.盘子里有一个苹果，两条香蕉和一些桔子主谓一致：andand的两边分别是不同的可数名词Joh n and Mary are my frie nds.约翰和玛丽都是我的朋友<><><>and的两边分别是不同的不可数名词Both rice and wheat are grow n in China.中国有种水稻也有种小麦。

<><><>and的两边的单词构成一个统一的概念Fish and chips $ a popular supper here.炸鱼土豆片在这里是一种很受欢迎的晚餐鱼和土豆片作为整体）The poet and writer has come.那位诗人兼作家来了同一个人既是诗人又是作家）主谓一致指的是句子的谓语动词与其主语在数上必须保持一致，句子的主语是第三人称单 数，其谓语动词须用单数，主语是复数，则谓语动词用复数1．主谓一致的三个原则 英语中的主谓一致主要遵循三个原则：意义一致原则、语法一致原则和就近原则这三 个原则常常发生矛盾，但当发生冲突时，意义一致原则为优先考虑的原则1）语法一致原则： 主语和谓语通常是在语法形式上取得一致，即主语是单数形式，谓语动词也应采取单数 形式；主语是复数形式，谓语动词也应采取复数形式She is a girl .她是女孩They are all girls .她们都是女孩The professor and writer is invited to many universities to deliver lectures.这位教授兼作家被邀请到很多大学作报告。

教授与作家是同一个人，是单数.）The old are very well taken care of in our city.老年人在我们城市被照顾得很好the old 指所有的老年人，指一类人，为复数概念2）就近原则： 谓语动词的人称和数由靠近它的主语决定There is a book，two pens and three pencils on the desk.书桌上有一本书，两支钢笔和三支铅笔There are two pens，a book and three pencils on the desk. 书桌上有两支钢笔，一本书和三支铅笔Either my sisters or my mother is coming.不是我的姐妹们就是我的妈妈要来3)意义一致原则： 主语形式上是单数，但表达复数意义，那么谓语动词要用复数形式；或主语形式上是复 数，但表达单数意义，则谓语动词也采用单数形式The police are still running after the murderer.警察还在追杀人犯The news was very exciting.这则新闻令人激动My family were watching TV at 7 o'clock.7 点钟的时候，我们全家人在看电视。

My family has moved three times. 我们家搬过三次2．主谓一致的应用1)单一主语的情况 单一主语指的是由一个中心名词或名词短语构成的主语，其主语与谓语的一致情况如 下：①不定代词作主语a. 不定代词 either, neither, each, one, the other, another,someone somebody, something,anyone，anybody，anything，everyone, everybody, everything, nobody, no one, nothing 等作主语时,谓语动词常用单数、b. none 作主语时如果指人或可数的物,表数目,谓语动词单复数形式皆可；如果指不 可数名词,表量,谓语动词用单数Jimmy has used up all the money. None is left. 吉米把所有的钱都用光了,一点没留c. neither/either of+复数名词或复数形式的代词，谓语动词可用单数，也可用复数 Neither of these words is correct.这些单词没有一个是正确的。

d. the other two (…)，the other three (…)another two( ... ) , both 等作主语时谓语动词用 复数、Five people came to help，but another three were still needed. 已经有五个人来帮忙了，但我们还需要三个e. all指人时作主语，谓语动词用复数；指全部事情时，谓语动词常用单数' All the work was fin。