大学英语语法-非谓语动词.ppt

第二讲 非谓语动词1大学英语语法 Grammar非谓语动词n概念：非谓语动词指的是在句中起名词、形容词和副 词作用的动词形式，而不是作谓语的动词形式n特点：与谓语动词相比，非谓语动词既不能单独作谓 语，其形式又不受主语的人称或数的限制故又称为 非限定动词n分类：三种形式：动名词，不定式和分词(现在分词 和过去分词) 一、动名词n动名词是一种非谓语动词，形式为v+ing，与现在分词同 形n基本形式：主动动形式被动动形式 一般时时doingbeing done完成时时having donehaving been done非谓语动词——动名词A. 动名词的特点：兼具名词和动词的特征n1. 动名词的动词特征：动名词可以有宾语，可以用状 语修饰n（1）带宾语a. He avoided giving us a definite answer.动名词giving后有双宾语b. The doctor advised taking exercise.动名词taking后有宾语exercise.n （2）用状语修饰a. I enjoy working with you.with you 是状语，修饰动名词workingb. She doesn’t allow smoking in her house.in her house 是状语，修饰动名词smoking非谓语动词——动名词n2. 动名词的名词特征即其语法功能：在句中充当主语 、表语、宾语、定语、状语和补语。

n（1）作主语a. Smoking may cause cancer.b. Hunting for a job is not easy for those who have just graduated. c. It’s nice talking to you.It 是形式主语，真正的主语是动名词短语talking to youd. It’s a waste of time arguing about it. 非谓语动词——动名词n （2）作表语a. The real problem is getting to know the needs of the customers.b. His greatest interest in life is traveling.n （3）作宾语a. Would you mind not using your mobile phone in the meeting room?b. Your shoes need polishing(擦一擦).c. Are you interesting in going to the show(演出)？d. I’m proud of having a friend like you. 非谓语动词——动名词【考试重点】 参看P16 以下动词只能用动名词作宾语 admit 承认 appreciate 赞赏，感激 finish 完成 avoid 避免，避开 imagine 想象 miss 错过 practice 练习 delay 耽搁 mind 介意 consider 考虑 postpone 推迟 enjoy 享受 risk 冒风险 suggest 建议非谓语动词——动名词非谓语动词——动名词B. 动名词的完成时和被动式 表示的动作在谓语所表示的动作之前发生时，用动名词的完成时。

主动动形式被动动形式 一般时doingbeing done 完成时时having donehaving been done非谓语动词——动名词B. 动名词的完成时和被动式n完成时 a.He regrets having wasted so much time when he was young. 年轻时浪费了那么多时间，他现在很后悔 b.He apologized for not having kept his promise. 他对于没有遵守诺言表示歉意n被动式 c.He dislikes being interrupted when he is working. 他不喜欢在工作时被人打扰 d.He didn’t mind being left at home. 他并不介意把他留在家里非谓语动词——动名词C. 动名词的逻辑主语 当动名词的逻辑主语是代词时，可使用形容词的物主代词 或代词的宾格nHer coming to help encouraged all of us. n她来帮忙鼓舞了我们所有人nJane’s being careless caused so much trouble. n简这么粗心惹来了不少麻烦。

nWhat’s troubling them is their not having enough food. n困扰他们的是食物不足 非谓语动词——动名词C. 动名词的逻辑主语 当动名词的逻辑主语是代词时，可使用形容词的物主代词 或代词的宾格nWould you mind _________ the computer game in your room?(04)A.he play B.his playing C.him to play D. him play [B]nHe forgot about ________ him to attend my wife’s birthday party.A.I asking B.my asking C.me to ask D. mine to ask [B] 二、不定式n不定式是一种非谓语动词，由不定式符号to加动词原形 构成，多与某些动词、名词、形容词搭配n基本形式：主动动形式被动动形式一般时时(not) to make(not) to be make完成时时(not) to have make(not) to have beenmake进进行时时(not) to be making (not) to be being make非谓语动词——不定式语法功能：不定式在句子中可以充当主语、宾语、表语、 定语、状语和补足语。

n1）作主语不定式或不定式短语作主语时，谓语动词用第三人 称单数如：To serve the people well is our duty.动词不定式短语作主语时，往往放在谓语动词的后 面，用引导词it作形式主语上述句子也可改为：It is our duty to serve the people well.类似这样不定式做主语的句型有:It is + n.+ to doIt takes sb.+ some time + to doIt is + adj.+ for sb.+ to doIt is + adj.+ of sb.+ to do非谓语动词——不定式语法功能：不定式在句子中可以充当主语、宾语、表语、 定语、状语和补足语n1）作主语例如：It is our duty to help them.It will take you quite a long time to finish it.It is easy for us to answer this question.It is kind of you to help me.注：1)for sb.常用于表示事物的特征特点，表示客观形式 的形容词，如easy， hard， difficult， interesting， impossible等：2)of sb.的句型一般表示人物的性格，品德，表示主 观感情或态度的形容词，如good， kind， nice， clever ， foolish， right等。

非谓语动词——不定式语法功能：不定式在句子中可以充当主语、宾语、表语、 定语、状语和补足语n2)作宾语We hope to have more opportunities to talk with native speakers.注意：如果不定式作宾语而又跟有补语，这时，通常要用it 作形式宾语，而将不定式放到补语后面去例如：他们发现提前把一切都准备好是不可能的They found to get everything ready in advance impossible. 宾语宾补They found it impossible to get everything ready inadvance.非谓语动词——不定式【考试重点】 以下动词只能跟不定式作宾语nafford 花费得起，提供 appear 好像nhappen 碰巧 arrange 安排nhope 希望 attempt 试图nintended 企图 decided 决定nlearn 学会 plan 计划nexpect 期望 offer 打算npretend 假装 promise 答应 nrefuse 拒绝 fail 未能nmanage 设法 fear 害怕nwant 要想 wish 希望非谓语动词——不定式语法功能：不定式在句子中可以充当主语、宾语、表语、 定语、状语和补足语。

n3)作定语This is the best way to solve the problem.注意：①用不定式作定语时，它与它所修饰的词有时是动 宾关系，所以如果不定式是不及物动词，其后面应跟上 必要的介词 例如： Mary needs a friend to play with. There is nothing to worry about. Because air pollution has been greatly reduced， this city is still _____ .A.a good place to liveB.a good place for living inC.a good place to be lived inD.a good place to live inn 答案：D非谓语动词——不定式语法功能：不定式在句子中可以充当主语、宾语、表语、 定语、状语和补足语n3)作定语②不定式作定语，如果与他所修饰的词是动宾关系 ，则不定式后面不能再带宾语例如：Here is a letter for you to type it.√Here is a letter for you to type.The smell tells the bees what kind of flowers to look for them.√The smell tells the bees what kind of flowers to look for.同时要注意：在这类结构中，常用不定式的主动式 代替被动式。

非谓语动词——不定式语法功能：不定式在句子中可以充当主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语 和补足语n4)作状语In order to overcome difficulties， we must work 。