IEC61508标准术语.doc

基本术语一、IEC 61508原则术语阐明：如下术语摘录自功能安全原则IEC61508和国标GB/T20438故术语标号也未曾改动3.1安全术语3.1.1伤害 harmphysical injury or damage to the health of people either directly or indirectly as a result of damage to property or to the environment.由于对财产或环境的破坏而导致的直接或间接地对人体健康的损害或对人身的损伤3.1.2危险 hazardpotential source of harm伤害的潜在本源3.1.3危险状况 hazardous situationcircumstance in which a person is exposed to hazard(s)人暴露于危险的环境3.1.4　危险事件 hazardous eventhazardous situation which results in harm导致伤害的危险状况3.1.5　风险 riskcombination of the probability of occurrence of harm and the severity of that harm浮现伤害的概率及该伤害严重性的组合。

3.1.6容许风险 tolerable riskrisk which is accepted in a given context based on the current values of society根据当今社会的水准,在给定的范畴内可以接受的风险3.1.7残存风险 residual riskrisk remaining after protective measures have been taken采用防护措施后来仍存在的风险3.1.8安全 safety freedom from unacceptable risk不存在不可接受的风险3.1.9功能安全 functional safety part of the overall safety relating to the EUC and the EUC control system which depends on the correct functioning of the E/E/PE safety-related systems, other technology safety-related systems and external risk reduction facilities与EUC和EUC控制系统有关的整体安全的构成部分，它取决于E/E/PE安全有关系统，其他技术安全有关系统和外部风险减少设施功能的对的行使。

3.1.10安全状态 safe stateState of the EUC when safety is achieved达到安全时EUC的状态3.1.11　合理的可预见的误用 reasonable foreseeable misuse Use of a product, process or service under conditions or for purposes not intended by the supplier, but which can happen, induced by the product, process or service in combination with, or as a result of, common human behaviour由于产品、过程或服务加上人的行为习惯而导致的，或者作为人的行为习惯的一种成果有也许发生的，未按照供方规定的条件和用途对产品、过程和服务的使用  3.2 设备和装置 Equipment and devices3.2.1功能单元 functional unit Entity of hardware or software, or both, capable of accomplishing a specified purpose可以完毕规定目的的软件、硬件或两者相结合的实体。

3.2.2软件 software intellectual creation comprising the programs, procedures, data, rules and any associated documentation pertaining to the operation of a data processing system涉及程序、规程、数据、规则以及有关的数据解决系统操作文档在内的智能创作3.2.3受控设备 equipment under control(EUC)equipment, machinery, apparatus or plant used for manufacturing, process, transportation, medical or other activities用于制造、加工、运送、制药或其他活动的设备、机器、器械或成套装置3.2.4EUC风险 EUC risk risk arising from the EUC or its interaction with the EUC control system由EUC或由EUC与EUC控制系统互相作用而产生的风险。

3.2.5可编程电子（PE） programmable electronic（PE）可编程电子以计算机技术为基本，可以由硬件、软件及其输入和(或)输出单元构成based on computer technology which may be comprised of hardware, software, and of input and/or output units举例：下列均是可编程电子装置：——微解决器；——微控制器；——可编程控制器；——专用集成电路（ASIC）；——可编程逻辑控制器（PLC）；——其他以计算机为基本的装置（智能传感器、变送器、执行器）3.2.6电气/电子/可编程电子 （E/E/PE）electrical/electronic/programmable electronicBased on electrical(E) and/or electronic(E) and/or programmable electronic (PE) technology基于电气（E）和/或 电子（E）和/或 可编程电子（PE）的技术举例：电气/电子/可编程电子装置涉及：——电－机装置（电气）；——使用电晶体的非可编程电子装置（电子）；——以计算机技术为基本的电子装置（可编程电子）3.2.7有限可变语言 limited variability languageSoftware programming language, either textual or graphical, for commercial and industrial programmable electronic controllers with a range of capabilities limited to their application能力范畴局限于应用的，用于工商业可编程电子控制器的，文本的或图形的软件编程语言。

 3.3 系统：一般概念3.3.1系统 systemSet of elements which interact according to a design, where an element of a system can be another system, called a subsystem, which may be a controlling system or a controlled system and may include hardware, software and human interaction根据设计互相作用的一组元素，也许涉及互相作用的硬件、软件和人等系统中的某一元素也可自成一种此外的系统，称为子系统，子系统可以是控制系统也可以是被控系统3.3.2可编程电子系统 (PES) programmable electronic system(PES)System for control, protection or monitoring based on one or more programmable electronic devices, including all elements of the system such as power supplies, sensors and other input devices, data highways and other communication paths, and actuators and other output devices基于一种或多种可编程电子装置的控制、防护或监视系统，涉及系统中所有的元素，诸如电源、传感器和其他输入装置，数据高速公路和其他通信途径，以及执行器和其他输出装置3.3.3电气/电子/可编程电子系统 （E/E/PES）electrical/electronic/programmable electronic system(E/E/PES)System for control, protection or monitoring based on one or more electrical/electronic programmable electronic (E/E/PE) devices, including all elements of the system such as power supplies, sensors and other input devices, data highways and other communication paths, and actuators and other output devices.基于一种或多种电气/电子/可编程电子(E/E/PE)装置的用于控制、防护或监视的系统，涉及系统中所有的元素,诸如电源、传感器和其他输入装置，数据高速公路和其他通信途径，以及执行器和其他输出装置3.3.4EUC控制系统 EUC control systemSystem which responds to input signals from the process and/or from an operator and generates output signals causing the EUC to operate in the desired manner对来自过程和(或)操作者的输入信号起反映，产生能使EUC按规定的方式工作的输出信号的系统。

3.3.5构造 architectureSpecific configuration of hardware and software elements in a system在一种系统中硬件和软件元素的特定配备3.3.6模块 moduleRoutine, discrete component or a functional set of en。