美国自然主义以及现代主义作家.ppt

American Writer of Naturalism and Modernism,,Stephen crane 斯蒂芬.克莱恩,Stephen Crane (1871--1900) , an American novelist, poet and short-story writer.His first novel Maggie: A Girl of Streets. and The Red Badge of Courage is his finest book.,,,The Red Badge of Courage(红色英勇勋章),The Red Badge of Courage is considered one of the most influential works in American literature. The novel, a depiction on the cruelty of the American Civil War, features a young recruit who overcomes initial fears to become a hero on the battlefield. The book made Crane an international success. Although he was born after the war and had not at the time experienced battle firsthand, the novel is considered an example of American Naturalism（美国自然主义）.,,,小说以美国南北战争为历史背景。

主人公亨利是一个农妇的独子他怀着对战争的奇妙幻想，不顾母亲的劝阻，参加了北方军（即联盟军）经过几个月平静的军营生活，部队奉命开往前线去作战激烈的战斗场面虽然对他有刺激性的引诱，但死亡的威胁在他心里发生着强烈的动摇作用战场上的炮声解除了他的矛盾心理，勇敢地投入了战斗，但当遭到敌人突然袭击时，他惊恐万状，扔下枪枝，从阵地上逃跑了当他听到北方军重又获胜的消息时，他悔恨不已为了弥补这一过错，他冒着危险打听前方部队的消息，但不幸被从火线上溃退下来的一个士兵用枪托打伤了脑袋一个过路的战士见他可怜，就把他送回到原来的兵团伙伴们见障利负了伤，以为他在战斗中挂了彩，不仅不怀疑他是逃兵，反而敬佩他那种负伤不下火线的勇敢精神可是亨利并未因此在良心上得到宽慰他万分羞愧，暗暗下决心寻找立功机会接着，部队转移阵地当冲锋被击溃，战士们都停止射击的时候，亨利还在一个劲地射击他那种近似于疯狂的勇敢，立即使他成为英雄亨利克服了对战争的恐惧心理，忘却羞愧的往事，恢复了自信心以后，亨利又立了大功一次在与敌人短兵相接的混战中，他突然看到炮火中的战旗，一种对战旗狂热的爱突然在他心中油然升起他奋不顾身地冲上去，从死者手中接过战旗，领着部队冲上去。

亨利以他无畏的英雄气概受到了上级的赞赏此后，亨利还常被内疚的心理困扰他虽然立了功，但始终未能摆脱那临阵逃跑的回忆但他终于领悟到，自己的灵魂经过炮火的洗礼已发生根本变化；他的精神得以解放，希望和憧憬又在心中复活了Conclusion,1.It was widely heralded for its realistic portrayal of war and unique writing style.2.As a war novel, it focuses less on battle and more on the main character's psyche and his reactions and responses in a wartime situation.3.It has a heavily ironic tone.4.There is a strong connection in the novel between humankind and nature.,A Girl of Streets.,2 《街头女郎梅季》在作者的《红色英雄勋章》轰动文坛之后才引起人们重视故事发生的背景是纽约的贫民窟。

梅季的双亲都是酒鬼，对孩子们很粗暴，不是打便是骂，梅季在家里得不到一点温暖当她“在泥潭里长成了一朵鲜花，出落成一位美丽出众的少女，在那个公寓区成了惊人的奇迹”之后，她在衬衫厂里当了女工她的美貌使得她哥哥的朋友彼特垂涎三尺身为酒店伙计的彼特是个油头滑脑的流氓，他利用梅季的年轻幼稚，以金钱衣着为诱饵勾引她，使贫穷不幸而又涉世不深的梅季上当受骗，与他同居不久彼特抛弃梅季另觅新欢随之，梅季失掉了衬衫厂的工作，宗教思想很重的母亲，不准她回家，她只得流落街头，做了几个月的妓女，最后在悲愤失望中投河自尽她的母亲在伤心之余“宽恕”了这个“坏孩子”Theodore Dreiser（1871-1945）,西奥多.德莱赛,life,Born in Indiana,1871Indiana University, reporter on the Chicago Globe,1894Marriage : married Sara White in 1898. Separated in 1909 Dreiser's infatuation with his work colleague’s teenage daughter, but were never formally divorced. Got married with his cousin Helen Richardson in 1944.Died in Hollywood,1945,,Works,Sister Carrie (1900) 《嘉莉妹妹》Jennie Gerhardt (1911) 《珍妮姑娘》 Trilogy of Desire 《欲望三部曲》 The Financier (1912) 《金融家 》 The Titan (1914) 《巨人》 The Stoic (posthumously ) (1945)《斯多葛》 The ‘Genius’ (1915) 《天才》An American Tragedy (1925)《美国的悲剧》,Sister Carrie,First novel, the story is about a country girl’s rich life after she became a mistress of a salesman, and later she became an actress.,Jennie Gerhardt,It described a poor girl Jenny fell in love with Senator George Brander, but the Senator died, leaving her and their daughter.,When she worked as a maid, she met Lester Kane, a manufacturer‘s son. Jennie falls in love with him and became his mistress, however because of his family’s disapproval, they separated. At last, Jennie lost her daughter to typhoid（伤寒）,An American Tragedy,It is a detailed portrayal of the dark side of the American Dream—the story of what can happen when an ordinary man's desire for wealth and status overwhelms his moral sense. " Fortune hunting became a disease" " murder for money",An American Tragedy,The peak of his literary career and his first commercial success. Time magazine included the novel in its TIME 100 Best English-language Novels from 1923 to 2005 list,The modernism writer of America,Three writers:Ernest HemingwayF.Scott FitzgeraldEzra Pound,F.Scott Fitzgerald(1896-1940),菲茨杰拉德,,.,,1.He is an American author of novels and short stories 2.He is widely regarded as one of the greatest American writers of the 20th century3. He is considered a member of the "Lost Generation" of the 1920s.,Lost Generation,Group of U.S. writers who came of age during World War I and established their reputations in the 1920s; more broadly, the entire post – World War I American generation. The term was coined by Gertrude Stein in a remark to Ernest Hemingway. The writers considered themselves "lost" because their inherited values could not operate in the postwar world and they felt spiritually alienated from a country they considered hopelessly provincial and emotionally barren. The term embraces Hemingway, F. Scott Fitzgerald, John Dos Passos, E.E. Cummings, Archibald MacLeish, and Hart Crane, among others.,Who are involved in the Lost Generation?,Ernest Hemingway F. Scott FitzgeraldJohn Dos Passos Gertrude Stein T. S. EliotEzra Pound,His works,The Side of Paradise 《人间天堂》The Beautiful and the Damned 《美丽的和该死的 》Tender is the Night 《夜色温柔》Tales of the Jazze Age 《爵士时代的故事》The Last Tycoon 《最后一个巨头》The Great Gatsby 《了不起的盖茨比》:It is his masterpiece.,。