高英lesson2.ppt

Lesson 2,,Lesson 2,Hiroshima—The “Liveliest” City in Japan,I. Main Idea,Although some people of Hiroshima were trying to forget the miserable and sad history , and trying their best to make the it to be the “liveliest ” city in Japan, they failed for what the history brought to them was too much.,II. Structure,Section I(para.1):--his arrival in Japan. Section II(Para.2--6):--his experience on the way to City Hall. Section III(para.7--9):--general introduction to the barge Section IIII(para.10--19):--the meet with the mayor,,Section V(para.20--27):--his talk with an old Japanese man. Section VI(para.28--38):--his talk with a doctor and a fisherman. Section VII(para.39):--he got a conclusion that Hiroshima is not the liveliest city.（for many of the people there do bear visible and invisible scars）,III. Writing style,Narration,IV. Rhetorical devices,1)metaphor eg: I had a lump in my throat musical 2)Irony eg: Hiroshima—the “Liveliest” City in Japan congratulate myself on the good fortune that my illness has brought me.,,3)Anti-Climax a town known throughout the world for its ---oysters. 4)Alliteration slip to a stop 5) Rhetorical devices was I not at the scene of the crime?,,6)Euphemism Each day of suffering that helps to free me from earthly cares. 7)Metonymy kimono---the East miniskirt---the West,8)Synecdoche Little old Japan---small old Japanese houses 9)climax,,,The END,Anti-climax,A decline viewed in disappointing contrast with a previous rise Alas！Alas！What shall I do? I‘ve lost my wife and best hat, too! 哎呀哎呀！我怎么办呢？我失去了妻子，又丢了最好的帽子！ The duties of a soldier are to protect his country and peel potatoes. 士兵的职责是保卫祖国和剥土豆皮。

Metonymy,The act of referring to sth by the name of sth else is closely connected with it i.e: the White House----the US president,Synecdoche,A word or phrase in which a part of sth is used to present a whole, or a whole is used to present a part of sth. i.e: He paid the workers $5 per head. 这里，head是指“人头”，部分（头）代替整体（每个人） Italy beat Spain in the football match. 这里，意大利和西班牙其实就是用整体来代替部分，即“意大利的球队”和“西班牙的球队”climax,1）I came, I saw, I conquered. 我来了，我看见了，我胜利了 2）Social positon, friends, reputation, life itself, had no longer any attraction for him. 社会地位、朋友、名誉、生活本身对他再 没有什么吸引力了。

隐喻：metaphor 借喻：metonymy 提喻：synecdoche,metaphor uses words to indicate something different from their literal meaning—— one thing is described in terms of another so as to suggest a likeness or analogy between them. 隐喻有几个要点：1. 最新的 2. 相似性(similarity)，这点很重要，本体和喻体要有相似性 3. 一致性 two things in comparison, and this comparison is implied rather than stated. eg: the theory needs more support.这个support就是一个隐喻，相当于把theory比喻成房子，需要地基支撑、支持，引申到支持观点、理论 eg: he is the apple of her eye.这个就表示很重要的人，掌上明珠之类的借喻、换喻、借代：metonymy is a figure of speech in which the name of one thing is used in place of another that is associated with or suggested by it. 它和暗喻的区别在于，借喻中两者要求不是相似，而是有联系，同一类事物。

eg: will you play me some Chopin? 这个地方chopin是人名，用其来指代他的作品、音乐 eg: the kettle is boiling. （kettle 指代water in it.） eg:tongue——eloquence; brain——knowledge,wisdom or reason; Fleet Street—— the British press 通常说来，借代可以由地点代某个特定的东西、人名代他的作品或与之相关的理论、器具或容器代里面所盛放的物品、人的某些特定器官代它所赋予的意义和作用提喻synecdoche is a figure by which a more comprehensive term is used for a less comprehensive or vice versa; as whole for part or part for whole; genus for species or species for genus etc. 最主要的区别方法就是一般提喻和整体、局部或是和种类、特殊，还有抽象、具体有关。

eg：Italy beat Spain in the football match. 这里，意大利和西班牙其实就是用整体来代替部分，即“意大利的球队”和“西班牙的球队” eg: he paid the workers $5 per head. 这里，head是指“人头”，部分（头）代替整体（每个人） eg: i had the muscle and they made money out of it. 这里，muscle是个具体的名词，代替一个抽象名词:strength.,。