湖南仁爱初一英语Unit4HavingFun讲义.doc

北 京 四 中 撰稿老师：黄  浩    编审老师：蔡正礼    责任编辑：丁　华Unit 4 Having FunTopic 1 What can I do for you？一、语言知识点：    （1）单词：    madam, over, there, try, buy, thirty, forty, fifty, sixty, seventy, eighty, hundred, just, pair, well, shop, need, salt, kilo, bottle, heavy, worry, fat, mouse, rabbit, ant, how much/many, do some shopping, how about    （2）句子    1．I want some clothes for my daughter.     2．Thanks a lot.    3．What can I do for you, madam?    4．Not at all.     5．Can I try it on?     6．How much is it?    7．We'll take it.    8．I'm just looking, thanks.    9．How do you like to pants?    10．They are too long.    11．Why not try on that pair?     12．Are you kidding? Well, I'll think about it. Thanks all the same.    13．Could you help me do some shopping, Ben?     14．We need three bags of salt and two kilos of eggs.    15．I think so.    16．Here it is.    17．Don't worry.二、单词辨析和语法讲解：    1．some和any的区别    （1）some在英语中具有不同的词性，在不同语境中有不同的含义和用法。

    some作形容词，可修饰可数名词或不可数名词，通常用于肯定句，而在疑问句和否定句中用any如：    There are some pens on the desk. 课桌上有些钢笔    I have some bread for breakfast. 我早餐吃了些面包    Do you have any pens? 你有钢笔吗？    I don't have any milk for supper. 我晚饭没喝牛奶    （2）在有些疑问句中，如果说话者心中的肯定意识较强时，实际上在请求或劝导时，用some而不用any如：    May/ Could/ Can I have some…? 我能吃些……吗？    What/ How about some...? 来一些……怎么样？    Why not do some…? 为什么不做一些……呢？    Would/ Will/ Could you please do some…? 你能做些……吗？    May I ask you some questions? 我能问你几个问题吗？    （3）some作代词时，意为“一些（人），一些（事物）”。

如：    Would you like some? 你想来一些吗？    注意：如果用some用主语，指代可数名词，视为复数；指代不可数名词，视为单数如：    Some are students and some aren't. （some指代可数名词“人”）    有些是学生，有些不是    Some is water and some is tea. （some指代不可数名词“饮品”）    一些是水，一些是茶    any表示“任何一个”时可以用于肯定句中如：    He can help anyone. 他能帮助任何人    2．可数名词和不可数名词    （1）名词按其所表示事物的性质分为可数名词和不可数名词可数名词有复数形式，不可数名词没有复数形式    （2）可数名词与不可数名词的用法：可数名词不可数名词前面可用不定冠词a或an来修饰如：a teacher, an egg前面不能用不定冠词a或an来修饰如：water, rice表示数目时，可以在其前直接用具体的数词，前面还可用some, many或数词+表示量的名词+of结构来修饰如：two students, two bags of apples前面不能直接加数名词修饰，但可以用some, much或数词+表示量的名词+of结构来修饰。

如：some fish, much rice, a kilo of fish, a bowl of rice, two cups of milk作主语时，如果是单数名词，则谓语用单数；若是复数名词，则谓语用复数如：An orange is orange.Oranges are orange.作主语时，谓语用单数如：Some bread is on the table.桌子上有些面包用how many询问数量的多少如：How many pens do you have?用how much询问数量的多少如：How much meat do you want?但是如果是量词+of+名词的结构应该用how many提问如：How many bags of salt do we need? 我们要多少袋盐？    3．基数词的用法    twenty二十   thirty三十   hundred百    （1）基数词20-90的十位数的整数词尾均有-ty    （2）21-99由十位数20-90加个位数1-9构成，中间须有连字符“-”如：    23：twenty-three    31：thirty-one    95：ninety-five    （3）百位数由1-9加hundred构成，如包含十位数及个位数，中间用and连接。

如：    706：seven hundred and six    125：a (one) hundred and twenty-five三、课文讲解    1．I want some clothes for my daughter. 我想给女儿买些衣服    want some clothes想买一些衣服，for介词，意为“为了……”如：    We buy a new chair for our office. 我们给办公室买了一把新椅子    We have some eggs and milk for breakfast. 我们早餐吃了一些鸡蛋，喝了些牛奶    2．Thanks a lot. 非常感谢    （1）同义句：Thank you very much.     回答：That's all right. =That's OK. =You're welcome. =Not at all.    （2）a lot意思为“很，非常”，同义词very much如：    I like him a lot. 我非常喜欢他    I feel a lot better now. 我身体现在好多了。

    链接：a lot of/ lots of“很多”的意思，修饰名词一般用于肯定句，在否定句和疑问句中则用many/much如：    I have a lot of/ lots of/ many books. 我有很多书    Do many people like football in China? 在中国有许多人喜欢足球吗？    3．What can I do for you, madam? 女士，要买点什么吗？    这句话字面意思是“我能为你做什么吗？”，在英语国家里，售货员通常向顾客说“ May/Can I help you? ”或“What can I do for you? ”    而不说“What do you want? ”否则会显得没有礼貌顾客如需购物可以回答“Yes, please. ”然后说出自己所需物品如果仅想逛商店，可回答“I'm just looking, thanks. ”或“No, thanks. Just have a look. ”    如：    —Can I help you? /What can I do for you? 要买点什么吗？    —I'd like to buy a new pair of shoes. 我想买双新鞋。

    —May I help you? 你要点什么？    —I'm just looking, thanks. 谢谢，我只随便看看    4．Not at all. 不用谢，没关系    链接：not… at all. 一点也不，常用于加强否定的含义    I don't want to go to school at all. 我根本不想上学    He doesn't like bread at all. 他一点也不喜欢面包    5．Can I try it on? 我能试穿一下吗？    try on意为“试穿”，这是动词和副词构成的词组，宾语是名词可以放在try与on之间，也可以放在on的后面，如果是代词必须放在try与on的中间如：    Please try on this new sweater.    =Please try this new sweater on. 请试穿一下这件新毛衣    These are new shoes. Try them on, please. 这些是新鞋，请试试    拓展：try动词，尝试，试用，试验如：    Try to be here before 6:30. 尽量6:30之前到这儿。

    Try this new medicine. 试试这种新药    6．How much is it? 多少钱？    how much后面的动词是is还是are，由句子的主语的单数或复数来确定，much后面省略了money（钱）如：    How much is your coat? 你的大衣多少钱？    How much are the apples? 苹果多少钱？    拓展：询问商品的价格还可以用What's the price（价格）of…? 如：    What's the price of your coat? 你的大衣多少钱？    7．We'll take it. 我们买下了    本句中的We'll是We will的缩写形式，will是情态动词，之后要加动词原形表示将来，意为“会、将”如：    He well come back soon. 他很快就回来    I will do it now. 我马上就做    8．I'm just looking, thanks. 我只是看看，谢谢    just在句中的意思是“仅仅，只是”，其同义词是only如：    He's just a boy. 他还只是个孩。