生化英文单词汇总.doc

生化单词表第一章 蛋白质构造和功能Protein 蛋白质Amino acid 氨基酸Myoglobin 肌红蛋白Hemoglobin 血红蛋白2,3-Bisphosphoglycerate 2,3-二磷酸甘油酸protein physical-chemical properties蛋白理化性质Prion disease 朊蛋白病Scurvy坏血病Methemoglobinemia 高铁血红蛋白病Enzymes酶Catalysis催化作用Chiral手性Amino group氨基Carbo*ylic acid group 羧基Zwitterion 两性Protonation 质子化isoelectric point等电点Ionizable可解离的Homeostatsis稳态Polar极性uncharged 不带电的charged带点的acidic酸性的basic碱性的non-polar非极性hydrophilic亲水的hydrophobic疏水的aromatic AA 芳香氨基酸hydro*yl group羟基sulfur-containing AAs 含硫氨基酸amide 酰胺imino acid 亚氨基酸polypeptide backbone多肽骨架Essential AminoAcids必需氨基酸Monomer单体Polymer聚合物multi-subunit多亚基Primary structure一级构造Secondary structure二级构造Tertiary structure 三级构造Quanternary structure四级构造hydrogen bond氢键Peptide Bonds肽键condensation reaction 缩合反响Polypeptide 多肽alpha heli* a 螺旋beta-sheet beta折叠beta turn beta转角Right-handed heli* 右手螺旋Isomers异构体MotifT模体fibrous proteins纤维状蛋白globular proteins球形蛋白Intermediate filaments 中间丝蛋白cytoskeleton 骨架Keratin角蛋白E*tracellular matri* 细胞外基质Collagen胶原蛋白Elastin弹性蛋白Tendons肌腱Cartilage软骨Silk fibroin 丝蛋白Cornea角膜prolyl hydro*ylase脯氨酸羟化酶a- ketoglutarate a-酮戊二酸ascorbate 抗坏血酸Antiparallel反平行Domain功能域Heme Group血红素基团Ferric ion (Fe3+) 高铁Ferrous ion (Fe2+) 亚铁Porphyrin卟啉.Nitrogen氮Hyperbolic抛物线的deo*y hemoglobin脱氧血红蛋白o*y hemoglobin 氧合血红蛋白Conformational 构象Subunit亚基cooperativebinding协同结合sigmoidal双曲线的Allostery 变构作用heterotropic effect异促效应homotropic effect 同促效应Hyperthyroidism甲状腺功能亢进phosphoglycerate mutase (PGM) 磷酸甘油变位酶erythrocytes红细胞Iron deficiency anemia 缺铁性贫血Chronic respiratory disease慢性呼吸系统疾病Hypo*ia低氧pulmonary edema 肺水肿Antibodie抗体(immunoglobulins免疫球蛋白Bacteria细菌Virus病毒Pollen花粉Antigen抗原disulfide bonds 二硫键Sickle CellAnemia镰刀红细胞贫血Homozygous纯合的Autosomal accessive 常染色体隐性Denaturation变性Renaturation 复性Alcohol乙醇Chloroform氯仿Urea尿素Curdle凝乳Perming hair 烫发Ribonuclease 核糖核酸酶i2-mercaptoethanol 二巯基乙醇Ultrafiltration超滤Ultracentrifugation超速离心Electrophoresis电泳ion e*change chromatography离子交换层析chromatography层析UV absorption紫外吸收Dye binding染料结合Dialysis:透析semipermeable membrane半透膜Sedimentation coefficient, S沉降系数第二章核酸构造和功能NucleicAcids核酸Nucleotide核苷酸Nuclease核酸酶NitrogenousBases 含氮碱Nucleosides核苷NucleosidePhosphates 磷酸核苷Polynucleotides多核苷酸Pyrimidine嘧啶Cytosine 胞嘧啶Uracil 尿嘧啶Thymine 胸腺嘧啶Purine嘌呤Adenine 腺嘌呤Guanine 鸟嘌呤Derivatives衍生物D-riboseD-核糖2-deo*y-D-ribose 2-脱氧-D-核糖Pentoses 戊糖glycosidicbond 糖苷键anomeric异头碳triphosphates三磷酸glycogen糖原phosphodiester bond磷酸二酯键Ribonucleic acid 核糖核酸deo*yribonucleic acid 脱氧核糖核酸Base pairs 碱基对Canonical经典的major groove 大沟minor groove 小沟Supercoil超螺旋Cruciform十字形duple* heli* 双螺旋Negative supercoiling 负超螺旋palindromic regions回文区域nucleosome核小体Chromatin染色质nucleoprotein ple*和蛋白复合体histones 组蛋白Diameter直径Eukaryotic真核的Transcription转录Prokaryotes原核细胞Polycistron多顺反子Eukaryote真核细胞Monocistron单顺贩子Intron内含子E*on外显子Splicing 剪接Ribosome核糖体peptidyl transferase肽酰转移酶cytosol细胞浆Ribozyme核酶hyperchromic 增色的Stacked base pairs 碱基堆积in native DNA absorbless light Hydrolysis水解Carcinogenesis致癌aryl hydrocarbons芳香烃Smokedand grilled foods烟熏和烧烤食物alkylate 烷基化第三章脂质代谢Amphipathic 同时具有亲水和厌水局部的，两性分子的Triacrylglycerol (TAG)/Triglyceride (TG) 三脂酰甘油/甘油三酯Phospholipids (PL) 磷脂Glycolipids (GL) 糖脂Cholesterol (CHOL) 胆固醇Cholesterol ester (CE) 胆固醇酯carbo*ylic acid羧酸Saturated/ unsaturated 饱和的/不饱和的Margarine 人造黄油、人造奶油Palmitic acid软脂酸; 棕榈酸，十六〔烷〕酸Stearic acid硬脂酸，十八酸Linoleic acid亚油酸，罂酸α-Linolenic acid α-亚麻酸Arachidonic acid花生四烯酸Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) 二十五碳五烯酸Docosahe*aenoic acid (DHA) 二十二碳六烯酸Essential Fatty Acids (EFA) 必需脂肪酸Glycerol 甘油Phosphatidylcholine磷脂酰胆碱、卵磷脂Phosphatidylethanolamine磷脂酰乙醇胺、脑磷脂cardiolipin 一种磷脂，亦称双磷脂酰甘油。

Sphingolipids 鞘脂Sphingosine鞘氨醇sphingoid bases鞘氨醇碱steroid hormones类固醇激素adipocytes 脂肪细胞Emulsion 乳化Hydrophilic 亲水Hydrophobic 亲脂lipase脂肪酶Colipase 辅脂酶Fat mobilization 脂肪发动Lipolysis脂解hormone-sensitive triacylglycerol lipase (HSL) 激素敏感性脂肪酶Glucagons 胰高血糖素Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ATCH) 促肾上腺皮质激素Epinephrine肾上腺素Norepinephrine去甲肾上腺素Insulin 胰岛素Beta-O*idationβ-氧化作用acetyl-CoA乙酰辅酶AAcyl-CoA synthetase酰基辅酶A合成酶acyl-CoA ester 酰基辅酶A酯Malonyl-CoA丙二酰辅酶A;carnitine 肉碱acyl carnitines酰基肉碱Carnitine acyltransferase I肉碱脂酰转移酶Icarbonyl group 羰基Dehydrogenation脱氢作用Hypoglycin 次甘氨酸enoyl CoA 烯酰辅酶AHydration水化; 水合，水合作用β hydro*yacyl CoA β-羟脂酰CoAThiolysis硫解Thioester硫酯Enolate烯醇化物propionyl-CoA丙酰辅酶aKetone bodies 酮体Acetone 丙酮acetoacetate 乙酰乙酸β-hydro*ybutyrateβ-羟丁酸acetoacetyl-CoA乙酰乙酰辅酶A3-hydro*y-3-methylglutaryl-CoA羟甲基戊二酸单酰辅酶A 〔HMG CoA〕Succinyl CoA transsulfurase琥珀酰辅酶A转硫酶Ketonemia酮血症Ketoacidosis 酮症酸中毒Malonyl-CoA丙二酰辅酶AMalate苹果酸盐KS: β-ketoacyl-ACP synthase酮脂酰合酶MT: malonyl-transacylase 丙二酰基转移酶KR: β -ketobutyryl-AC。