
其次章藠头愈伤组织诱导得讨论.docx
7页其次章藠头愈伤组织诱导得讨论第一章文献综述Chapter1:LiteratureReview藠头(AlliumchinensisG.Don),英文名rakkyo,又名薤头、荞头、火葱、野韭等,属百合科(Liliaceae)葱属(Allium)形成小鳞茎得多年生宿根草本植物,主要食用嫩叶和鳞茎,系中国南方特有得稀缺蔬菜品种之一,属辛香类蔬菜 藠头得叶片绿色、细长、中空,有大葱样辛辣气味,叶鞘基部膨大形成长卵或纺锤形鳞茎 藠头作二年生栽培,分蘖力强 其鳞茎得加工产品质地洁白,口感脆嫩,具防暑、开胃、助消化等保健功效 盐渍、甜酸藠头深受消费者欢迎,并出口东南亚及日本、韩国等国(文惠玲等,2022) 在中医中,藠头 sarewhiteintextureandcrispandtenderintaste,havinghealthcareeffectssuchassunstrokeprevention,appetitepromotion,anddigestionaid.SaltedandsweetDuWufeng,etal.,1993).Althoughitcanblossomunderthenaturalcondition,itssmallsporesabortandareemptyandcannotformsperms;thedevelopmentofbigsporesandfemalegametophytesisabnormal,andnonormalembryosacstructurecanbeformed;asar。
ate10to20bulbsafterplanting.Theouterskinispurpleorlightyellowandfreshcolor.Theverticaldiameterofthebulbis4to5cmwhilethehorizontaldiameterisabout2.5cm.Theweightofasinglebulbis10.5to15.5g.Itsgrowthperiodisaboutninemonths.Asanacrogens,ithastheum ZhouHuaguang,etal.,2022).1.2营养成分1.2NutritionalComponents生长成熟得藠头中每100克鳞茎含水分约87.9克,碳水化合物8.0克,蛋白质1.6克,纤维素1.2克,富含糖、蛋白质、胡萝卜素、维生素C、16种氨基酸及多种药理成分 此外还含有蒜氨酸、琥珀酸及挥发油等 MatureAlliumchinensisG.Doncontainapproximately87.9gmoisture,8.0gcarbohydrate,1.6gproteinand1.2gcelluloseinevery100gof。
g,etal.,1995)andsteroidsaponin(PengJunpengetal.,1996)areincluded.孟松等(2022)从藠头中分离了抗菌性得活性物质,主要成分为甲基烯丙基二硫化物,它对多种细菌和真菌得生长有抑制作用,特别是对白色念珠菌(Candidaalbicans) 孙运军等(2022)确证了藠头中抑菌得活性物质对大肠杆菌(Escherichiacoli)、枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillussubfilis)、痢疾志贺菌(Shigelladysenteriae)和伤寒沙门氏菌(Salmonellatyphimufium)等多种细菌 和真菌得明显抑制作用 同时发现藠头得活性物质对肝癌(HepG-2)细胞和海拉(Hela)细胞均有抑制作用 MengSong,etal.(2022)haveisolatedantimicrobialactivesubstancesfromAlliumchinensisG.Donwiththemaincomponentofmethylallyldisulfidewhichhastheinhibitingeffectonthegrowthofmultiplebacteriaandfunguss,especiallyforC。
andidaalbicans.SunYunjun,etal.(2022)haveconfirmedthattheantimicrobialactivesubstancescontainedinAlliumchinensisG.DonhaveobviousinhibitingeffectsonmultiplebacteriaandfungusessuchasEscherichiacoli,Bacillussubfilis,ShigelladysenteriaeandSalmonellatyphimufium.Also ,theyhavediscoveredthattheactivesubstanceinAlliumchinensisG.DonhaveinhibitingeffectsonHepG-2cellsandHelacells.2.葱属植物得组织培养2.TissueCultureofAlliumPlants葱属(Allium)属百合科(Liliaceae)植物,约有500个种,我国有7080种 其中大葱(A.fistulosumL.)、洋葱(A.cepaL.)、大蒜(A.sativumL.)和韭菜(A.tuberosu。
mRottler.exSpr.)是普遍栽培得重要蔬菜 胡葱(AascalonicumL.)、藠头(A.chinensisG.Don.)、韭葱(A.porrumL.)、细香葱(A.schoenoprasumL.)等也是很好得香辛类蔬菜 一些野生种亦可食用,如山韭(A.senescensvar.minor)、阿尔泰葱(A.altaicumPall)、沙葱(A.mongolicumRege1)等 Alliumbelongstothecategoryofliciaceae.Thereareabout500variet iesofalliumplantsintheworld,inwhichChinahas70to80varieties.Amongallthealliumplants,A.fistulosumL.,A.cepaL.,A.sativumL.,andA.tuberosumRottler.exSprareimportantvegetablescommonlyplanted.AascalonicumL.,A.chinensisG.Don,A.porrumL.andA.schoenoprasumL.a。
realsoverygoodspicyvegetables.Meanwhile,somewildspeciessuchasA.senescensvar.minor,A.altaicumPallandA.mongolicumRege1areedible,too.葱属植物得离体再生可经过两条途径:器官发生途径和胚状体发生途径 器官发生途径是指离体得组织或细胞在组织培养得条件下形成不定芽、根和花芽等器官得过程 胚状体发生是指体细胞胚来自于单个体细胞,其发生过程与有性得合子胚相似 葱属植物得离体培养已有不少报道,但多集中在洋葱、蒜、葱和韭等少数几种植 物,涉及茎尖、根尖分生组织、器官培养,试管受精和胚培养,以及原生质体培养和融合等 Invitroregenerationofalliumplantscanbereachedthroughtwoapproaches:organogenesisapproachandembryogenesisapproach.Organogenesisapproachreferstotheprocessinwhichtheinvitrotissuesorcellsformorganssuchastheadventitiousbud,root。
andbudundertheconditionoftissueculture.Embryogenesishasthesimilarprocesswiththatofsexualzygoticembryos,andthesomaticembryosarefromsinglesomaticcells.Therearealreadymanyreportsontheinvitrocultureofalliumplants,butthefocusismainlyforaminorityofplants suchasonion,garlic,greenonionandleek,involvingstemtip,root-tipmeristem,organculture,invitrofertilization,embryocultureandprotoplastcultureandfusion.2.1分生组织培养2.1MeristemCulture葱属植物得茎尖分生组织是离体培养得优良外植体材料 茎尖0.40.6mm范围内为无病毒区,作外植体进行培养可成功地获的无病毒再生植株,并能有效得保持再生植株得遗传稳定性。
Thestem-tipm eristemofthealliumplantsisanexcellentexplantmaterialforinvitroculture.Itisthenon-toxicareawithinthescopeof0.4to0.6mmofthestemtip.Takeitastheexplanttoculture,non-toxicregeneratedplantscanbesuccessfullyobtained,whichcaneffectivelykeepthegeneticstabilit yoftheregeneratedplants.Havranek(1973)以大蒜茎尖为外植体,获的了第一批无病毒植株 陈世儒等(1991)以紫皮蒜和白皮蒜为供试材料,切取0.20.9mm、带一个或不带叶原基得大蒜茎尖分生组织,接种在MS+2.0mg/L6-BA+0.6mg/LNAA得培养基上,新梢增殖和根得分化状态良好 徐培文等(1991)试验表明,用热处理(37)带23个叶原基得大蒜茎尖30d后,茎尖易剥离,组培苗成活率高,脱毒效果好。
试验还筛选出了最佳诱芽和诱根培养基,分别是:B5+3.0mg/L6-BA+0.1mg/LNAA+3.0mg/LAD+0. 5mg/LKT;1/2B5+0.01mg/L6-BA+0.05mg/LNAA,由此建立了高效得大蒜脱毒快繁体系 Nagakubo等(1993)采用“茎尖培养-芽增殖-试管内诱导小鳞茎”得方式适当缩短了大蒜脱毒进程 30个月内得繁殖系数达512 李昌华等(1995)用山西得5个地方大蒜栽培种进行茎尖离体培养,获的无病毒蒜种 结果表明,茎尖大小为0.20.5mm,不定芽增殖培养基以B5或MS附加1.02.0mg/LKT和0.010.1mg/LNAA,效果最佳 高山林等(2000)以大蒜茎尖分生组织为外植体,筛选出最佳得培养基 诱导愈伤组织得最适培养基为:MS+0.2mg/L6-BA+0.5mg/LNAA,月生长率1270倍;诱导丛生芽得最适培养基为:B5+0.5。












