-ing分词及其短语在句中的作用.docx

ing分词及其短语的用途很广，可以充当各种句子（短语）成分1. 和助动词be连用，构成谓语动词和不定式动词的进行体和完成进行体形式例如：Tom isworkinghard.Philip has beenworking here for five years.Joey is said to be makingmuch progress.Frank claimed to have bee n working i n the laboratory all the time.2. 做主语例如：Talking mends, no holes.Beating a childwill do more harm than good.-ing分词短语较长或需要强调时必须后置，用先行代词it作形式主语例如：It's foolish talking like tha.tIs it worthwhile spending so much mone?y3. 作表语例如：His speech is inspiring.His hobby is collecting stamps.What I'm doing is teaching him a lesson.4. 作宾语：1） 动词宾语。

例如：Have you finishedwriting your book?Carol acknowledgedhaving been at such a meetin.g作宾语的-ing分词及其短语可以带补语，-ing分词短语较长而宾语补语较短时，可以用 先行代词it作形式宾语例如：You must find working hereinteresting.You must findit interestingworking here with us.I thinkit worthwhile discussing the question agai.n2） 形容词宾语能直接用-ing分词及其短语作宾语的形容词不多，除worth外都是形容词 和介词构成的短语形容词例如：New York is a city worth visiting.Don't be afraid of asking for help.I'm tired of being treated like a chil.d3） 介词宾语例如：Granny is a little hard of hearing.We must be good at learning from others.Thank you for giving us so much help.5. 作补语：1）宾语补语。

例如：Can you imagine anyonebeing so silly?We'll keep the machine running.I heard somebodysinging in the next room.少数动词后作宾语补语的-ing分词及其短语需用介词as引导，即介词短语作状语表示宾语 补语的关系例如：Amanda regards himas being without principle.sHow can you describe himas lacking in experienc?e2）主语补语例如：Jessica was found sitting at the foot of the be.dDarcy is often heard singing that song.Carol was seen working alone in the garde.n少数动词后作主语补语的-ing分词及其短语需用介词as引导，即用介词短语作状语表示主语补语的关系例如：Water can be shown as containing impuritie.sJoe is sometimes portrayedas belonging to another worl.d3）介词宾语补语。

例如：It's very warm with the fire burning.Any object may be hot without the motion in it being visible.I didn't know about the weather being so awfulin the area.6. 作定语：1）前置定语，通常是简单的-ing分词，可以起名词的作用表示被修饰名词的用途或与之有关的动作例如：areadinglampasleepingcaran openingspeechthefreezingpoint也可以起形容词的作用表示被修饰名词的性状特征例如：a charminggirlan interestingbookan inspiringspeechthe exciting news也可以起动词的作用表示被修饰名词正在进行的动作例如：也可以起动词的作用表示被修饰名词的属性或能力例如：a flying boat a singing birdlaboringpeople the workingclass用作前置定语的-ing分词不能带宾语、表语或状语，而必须用构词成分表示即和名词、 形容词或副词构成复合词作前置定语。

例如：an epoch-makingevent high-soundingwords 冠冕堂皇的话therapidly changingworld2) 后置定语，通常是-ing分词短语，表示被修饰名词及其短语的动作，相当于一个定语从句例如：Student arriving latewill not be permitted to enter the lecture hall.A personhaving had dealings with himwill never forget him.简单-ing分词通常前置，但表示动作时必须后置例如：The man speaking(=who is speaking) is the chairman.There were no soldiersdrilling (=who were drilling).少数-ing分词在某些习惯用法中必须后置例如：That's the best car going.We traveled for four daysrunning.7. 作同位语，补充说明名词，通常用标点符号分开例如：Tim has only one hobby, collecting stamps.His current research,investigating attitudesto racial stereotype,stakes up most of histime.He has devoted his life to one cause:fighting against all political and social injustic.es8. 作状语，通常是-ing分词短语，修饰动词或整个句子，可以表示多种意义：1 ）时间，可以用连词after，before，since，when , while等引导。

例如：Coming here, I met an old friend.Robin wrote his greatest novelwhile working on a freighte. rHe's been different since coming back from Americ.a2） 原因例如：Being so excited, he did not know what to say.Not knowing what to do,I telephoned the police.Seeing nobody in the offic,eI had to come back.3） 方式，可以用连词as if/as though引导例如：He ran up to me breathing heavily.Braving winds and snow, they headed for the summit.From time to time Jason turned roundas if searching for someon.e4） 伴随状况例如：5） 目的例如：6） 条件，可以用连词if，once，unless等引导。

例如：7） 让步，可以用连词（al）though，even if/even though,or,whether...or 引导例如：8） 结果例如：9 ）补充说明例如：10） 修饰形容词表示程度例如：9. 作插入语表示说话人的看法、态度等例如：10. 和限定词 no 一起用作牌告、标语等，表示禁止。