
2010年高考英语复习精典素材词语辨析.doc
40页2010 年高考英语复习精典素材――14.高考英语常用词汇辨析 500 组A about around round 作副词时都含“四处”、“遍地”的意思 about 系常用词 , 如:look about 四处看 around 具有 about 的基本意思, 因此 look about=look around, 但在下列短语里 around 没有 about 正式, 如:travel around 各处旅行 round 和 around 在非正式用法中可以互换, 但一般用 round 时更简练在正式用语中, 一般用 round 指“旋转”, 而用 around 指“处处 ”, “到处”, 如:She turned round at such a noise. 听到这样的吵声, 她回头看I have been looking for it all around. 我到处都找过了 另外, 英国人用 round 的地方 , 美国人倾向于用 around, 如:[英] Winter comes round.[美] Winter comes around. above all;after all;at all above all 意为“尤其是”、“首先”、“最重要的是”,常位于句首或句中,作插入语,起强调作用。
如: But above all tell me quickly what I have to do.可首先快些告诉我该做什么 A clock must above all keeps good time.时钟最重要的是必须走得准 after all 意为“ 毕竟”、“终究 ”、“终归”、“到底”,在句中位置较灵活可位于句首、句中或句末如: After all,your birthday is only two weeks away.毕竟,两周后就是你的生日 He is,after all , a small child.他毕竟还是个小孩子 He failed after all.他终于失败了 at all 用于否定句时,意为“丝毫;根本”,用于疑问句时意为“究竟;到底”,用于条件句时,常译为“当真;实在”用于肯定句中,表示说话人的某种情绪或情感(如怀疑或惊奇等),意为“竟然”等如: He doesn’t like you at all.他根本不喜欢你 Are you going to do it at all?你究竟做不做这件事? If you do it at all,do it well.若你真要做这件事,就得做好。
I was surprised at his coming at all.他竟然来了,我很惊讶 add; add to; add…to; add up to add 作 “加,增加 ”解时,既可作及物动词,又可用作不及物动词;作“又说,补充说”解时,与直接或间接引语连用如: If the tea is too strong, add some more hot water. 如果茶太浓了,再加点开水 After a short while, he added that he would try his best. 过了一会儿,他又接着说他会尽力 add to 意为“ 增添,增加,增进”如: The bad weather added to our difficulties. 恶劣的天气增加了我们的困难 add... to 意为“把……加到……”,是把前一项加到后一项之后或之中如: Add two to seven, and you will get nine.七加二等于九 add up to 意为 “加起来总共是/累计得”,该短语不用于被动语态如: All his school education added up to no more than one year. 他的学校教育加起来不过一年。
2 affair; thing; matter; business affair 意为“ 事情、事件”, 含义较广,泛指已做或待做的事;复数 affairs 一般指商业事务及政府的日常事务,如财政管理、外交事务等 thing 意为“事情、事物”,不管大事小事、好事坏事均称为 thing,一般不能专指事务;复数 things 还可作“形势”解 matter 侧重指须留心的要事或问题、难题 business 作“事务、事情”解时,一般不能用复数,常常指所指派的任务、责任;有时说的是指派的工作或商业上的买卖活动 a great deal; a great deal of a great deal 用作名词,意为 “大量”,“许多”,作主语、宾语;用作副词,意为“很”或“非常”,作状语,修饰动词或用来强调比较级如: A great deal has been studied and this is the best way. 经过大量研究后,这(被认为)是最好的办法 We are a great deal cleverer than before. 我们比以前聪明多了。
a great deal of 意为“大量的”,“非常多的”,相当于 much,作定语,后接不可数名词如: A great deal of time/money /energy has been spent on the project. 大量的时间/金钱/能源花在那个工程上了 agree on;agree to;agree with;agree that agree on 作“就……取得一致意见”解例如: The building of a new car factory was agreed on last month. 上月,就建一座新汽车厂之事达成了协议 agree to 有两层含义和用法: 其一是 to 作为动词不定式符号,其后跟动词原形,作“同意(答应)做某事”解例如: My father agreed to buy a new pen for me. 父亲答应给我买支新钢笔 其二是 to 作为介词,之后跟表示“计划/条件/建议等一类的名词或代词”例如: They have a greed to our plan. 他们已同意我们的计划。
agree with 作“同意某人的意见”解,其后可跟表示人的名词或代词,也可跟表示 “意见”或“说的话”的名词或从句例如: He agreed with my opinions. 他同意了我的意见 We agreed with what he said at the meeting. 我们同意他在会上讲的话 agree that 作“ 认为……”解,其后跟宾语从句例如: I agree that your composition is very good. 我认为你的这篇作文写得不错 allow;let 二者均可作“允许”解,但各有侧重: allow 重在 “允许 ”或“容许”,也可表示客气的请求例如: He allowed me to take his dictionary.他允许我拿走他的词典 Will you allow me to use your bike? 我可以用你的自行车吗? let 作“允许”或“让”解,主要用于口语,一般可与 allow 互换作 “允许”解时,常暗含“听任”、“默许”之意;作“让”解时,常含“祈使”或“建议”之意。
注意:let 之后作宾补的不定式不带 to,且不可用于被动语态,而 allow 则相反例如: Please let me walk with you(=Please allow me to walk with you.).我(请允许我)跟你一起走注:allow 常用于 allow sb.to do sth.或 allow doing sth.结构中 第 3 页 共 40 页 3 although; though; as 三者均可表示“尽管;虽然”,引导让步状语从句although 用法较正式,语气较强;though 较常用;as 则主要用于倒装句它们的用法有如下几点值得注意: 状语从句由 although, though 或 as 引导,主句之前不可有 but, and, so, however 等并列连词,但可有 yet 或 still 等副词although 与 though 常可互换例如: Although/Though he believes it, yet he will not act. 他虽然相信它,但却不肯有所行动 as 表示“尽管;虽然”,只能用于倒装句,即:将表语、状语或谓语动词放在 as 之前。
though 也可这么用例如: Young as/though he is, he knows a lot. 他虽然年纪不大,却懂得很多 注意:如果表语是单数名词,要省略 a例如: Child as/though he is, he can speak two foreign languages. 虽然他是个孩子,但他会说两门外语 though 可以放在句末,表示“但是”,although 却不能例如: They said they would come; they did not, though. 他们说他们会来,可是他们并没有来 although 只用来陈述 “事实” ,不能表示“假设”因此可以说 even though“即使”以及 as though“好像(=as if)”,不能说 even although 或 as although例如: I believe you are on duty—even though you’re in plain clothes. 尽管你穿着便衣,我相信你是在值勤 among/between 这两个介词都有“在……之间”的意思。
between 常用于两者之间;among 一般指三者或三者以上之间若指三个以上人或物中的每两个之间时,仍然要用 between 例如:The girl walked between her father and mother.这个女孩走在她父亲和母亲之间 She is the tallest among her classmates.她在她同学之间是最高的 Switzerland lies between France,Italy,Austria and Germany.瑞士位于法国、意大利、奥地利和德国之间 argue debate dispute 都含“辩论”的意思 argue 着重“说理”、“论证”和“企图说服”, 如:I argued with her for a long time, but she refused to listen to reason. 我和她辩论了好久, 但她还是不听 debate 着重“双方各述己见” , 内含“交锋”的意思, 如:We have been debating about the issue. 我们一直在就这个问题进行辩论。
dispute 指“激烈争辩”, 含有“相持不下”或“未得解决”之意,如:Whether he will be elected as chairman is still disputed. 他是否当选为主席, 仍然有争论 argue; quarrel;discuss 这三个动词均有“争”的意思,但“争”法不同。
