语法结构：虚拟语气.docx

语法结构：虚拟语气虚拟语气是英语三级考试的必考知识点之一，也是体现英汉语言习惯区别的一个语法现 象在汉语里表示假设虚拟的情况常用一些虚词来表示，例如“假设”、“如果”等等；而 英文中表示虚拟的情况不但有虚词的提示，谓语动词也要相应的变化虚拟语气的基本作用是：1. 表达假设的情况，与事实相反；2. 表达异想天开很难实现的愿望；3. 表达建议、命令、劝告等语气本节重在讲解 if 引导的虚拟条件句， 含蓄条件句，特殊结构中的虚拟语气，以及 should+动词原形的用法一、 虚拟语气的基本形式和用法虚拟（条件）语气中，主句与从句中谓语动词的形式可分为下面三类：假设类型条件从句谓语动词形式主句谓语动词形式与现在事实相反If+动词的过去式（be用were而不用was）would（第一人称可用should）+动词原形与过去事实相反If+had+-ed分词would（第一人称可用should）+have+-ed分词与将来事实可能相反 If+were to+动词原形或If+should+动词原形would（第一人称可用should）+动词原形下面我们列举近年的真题来强化记忆例（l）Mary said to me, "Had I seen your bag, I it to you."A. will returnB. must returnC. could returnD. would have returned（ 【答案】 D）（2004 年 4 月 45 题 ）例（2）1 would ask George to lend us the money if I him.A. had knownB. have knownC. knewD. know（ 【答案】 C）（1995 年 38 题 ）例⑶f Bob with us; he would have had a good time.A. would comeB. would have comeC. had comeD. came（ 【答案】 C）（1995 年 59 题 ）二、 省略if的虚拟形式在虚拟条件句中，如谓语包含were，had，should等词，则可以把这些词放到主语前 面，省略 if。

例（1） ___ the advice of his friends, he would not have suffered such aheavy loss in his business.A. If he tookB. If he should takeC. Were he to takeD. Had he taken（【答案】D）（2004年4月32题）例（2） ___, I should ask them some questions.A. Should they come to usB. If they come to usC. Were they come to usD. Had they come to us（【答案】 A）（1997 年 30 题）例（3） ___ you were busy, I wouldn't have bothered you with myquestions.A. If I realizedB. Had I realizedC. Did I have realized thatD. As I realized（【答案】 B）（1996 年 39 题）三、含蓄条件句有时一个假设的情况不用条件从句表示，而用其它方式来表示，这样的句子叫含蓄条件 句。

常用 with，without，but for例（l）Without heat and sunlight, plants on the earth well.A. would not growB. will not growC. had not grownD. would not be grown（【答案】 A） （2004年 11 月 32题）例⑵B ut for my classma tes' help, I the work in ti me.A. did not finishB. could not finishC. will not finishD. would not have finished（【答案】 D）（2004 年 4 月 36 题）例（3）But for the rain, we a nice holiday.A. should haveB. would have hadC. would haveD. will have had（【答案】 B）（2003 年 4 月 28 题）四、特殊词或结构中的虚拟语气：① 以 wish（that） 引导的表示“愿望”的宾语从句wish后的宾语从句中要用虚拟语气，而在虚拟语气中时态的应用类似在非真实条件中 从句时态的应用。

表示现在或将来的愿望用：主语+wish +从句（主语+过去时）；表示一 个过去没有实现的愿望用：主语+wish +从句（主语+过去完成时）；例（1）1 didn't go to the party, but I do wish I there.A. wereB. would beC. had beenD. will be（【答案】0 （2001年53题）例（2）Peter wishes that he law instead of literature when he was incollege.A. could studyB. studiedC. had studiedD. would study（【答案】 C）（2000 年 53 题）② if only + 句子 （ 过 去 时 / 过 去完成 时 ）“ 要是 … 就好了 ”If only 后面的句子如果是对现在或将来情况的虚拟，用过去时 did ；如果是对过去 情况的虚拟，用过去完成时 had done . 要注意与if区别，if只表示假设，“如果”，用 真实语气；而 if only 表示不可能实现的情况，用虚拟语气例如：If only the alarm clock had rung.当时闹钟响就好了。

对过去虚拟）If only I were rich. 要是我富有就好了 （对现在虚拟）③ would rat her +句子（过去时）表示宁愿、宁可的意愿， 语气比较婉转后接过去式例（1）I am too busy these days. I would rather all of you next monthfor a dinner.A. comeB. would comeC. came D. have come（【答案】 C）（2002 年 46 题）例⑵I'd — _ you didn't touch that, if you don't mind.A. rather B. better C. happier D. further（【答案】 A）（1998 年 45 题）④ it is time（that）, it is high time （that）…句型中，谓语动词用过去时，表示 早该做而未做的事，意思是该……了、早该……了.例（1）Let's finish our homework in a few seconds; it's time we .A. played footballB. will play footballC. play footballD. are playing football（【答案】A）（2004年11月43题）例⑵Do n't you t hink it is time you smoking?A. give upB. gave upC. would give upD. should give up（【答案】 B）（1999 年 31 题）⑤ 以 as if， as though 引导的从句在 as if， as though 引导的从句中，如果谈论的是不可能或不真实的情况时，它们所 引用的状语从句要用虚拟语气，动词形式和wish后面的从句动词形式变化相同。

例 ： He talks as if he everything in the world.A. knowsB. knew C. had known D. would have known（【答案】B本句表示说话人对现在的情况有所怀疑，所以用过去时五、should+动词原形及 should 的省略（1） 、一些表示建议、要求、命令等的动词本身隐含说话者主观的意见因此这些动词 （或其变形，如名词，形容词，分词等）后面的从句应使用虚拟语气，即“should do”结 构，其中的“ should ” 常被省略如：表“提议、建议”的动词：suggest ,advise, propose, recommend, move（提议）； 表“要求、主张” 的动词 ： insist, require, request, demand , desire ； 表“命令” 的动词 ： order, command.例（1）1 don't think it advisable that Tom to the job since he has noexperience.A. be assigned B. is assigned C. will be assigned D. has been assigned（ 【答案】 A）（2006 年 11 月 29 题 ）例（2）His mother insisted that he the coat when going out.A. put onB. puts onC. to putD. putting on（ 【答案】 A）（1999 年 58 题 ）此处省略了 should.例（3）The doctor advised that Mr. Malan an operation right away so asto save his life.A. had B. would have C. have D. was going to have（【答案】 C）（1998 年 28 题）此处省略了 should.（2） 、 It is necessary/important/essential/ vital/urgent / surprising/ amazing that引导的主语从句中，从句的谓语动词要用should+原形动词，should也可以省略。

此 类形容词的特点是表示重要性或吃惊例（l）it is vital that enough money collected to get the project started.A. is B. be C must be D can be（【答案】 B）（2004 年 11 月24 题）例（2）11' s urgent that a meeting before the final decision is made.A. will be arrangedB. must be arrangedC. be arranged D. would be arranged（【答案】 C）（2003 年 4 月 45 题）（3） 、以 in case, lest, for fear tha。