英语阅读理解推理判断之写作意图题.doc

英语阅读理解推理判断之写作意图题真题感悟：(2018北京，C)Plastic-Eating WormsHumans produce more than 300 million tons of plastic every year.Almost half of that winds up in landfills(垃圾填埋场)，and up to 12 million tons pollute the oceans.So far there is no effective way to get rid of it，but a new study suggests an answer may lie in the stomachs of some hungry worms.Researchers in Spain and England recently found that the worms of the greater wax moth can break down polyethylene，which accounts for 40% of plastics.The team left 100 wax worms on a commercial polyethylene shopping bag for 12 hours，and the worms consumed and broke down about 92 milligrams，or almost 3% of it.To confirm that the worms’ chewing alone was not responsible for the polyethylene breakdown，the researchers made some worms into paste(糊状物) and applied it to plastic films.14 hours later the films had lost 13% of their mass—apparently broken down by enzymes(酶) from the worms’ stomachs.Their findings were published in Current Biology in 2017.Federica Bertocchini，co-author of the study，says the worms’ ability to break down their everyday food—beeswax—also allows them to break down plastic.“Wax is a complex mixture，but the basic bond in polyethylene，the carbon-carbon bond，is there as well，” she explains.“The wax worm evolved a method or system to break this bond.”Jennifer DeBruyn，a microbiologist at the University of Tennessee，who was not involved in the study，says it is not surprising that such worms can break down polyethylene.But compared with previous studies，she finds the speed of breaking down in this one exciting.The next step，DeBruyn says，will be to identify the cause of the breakdown.Is it an enzyme produced by the worm itself or by its gut microbes(肠道微生物)?Bertocchini agrees and hopes her team’s findings might one day help employ the enzyme to break down plastics in landfills.But she expects using the chemical in some kind of industrial process—not simply “millions of worms thrown on top of the plastic.”语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。

作者介绍了一项科学发现：一种吃塑料的虫子——大蜡螟，它胃中的酶能够降解塑料，从而为人们解决塑料污染问题提供新的途径46．What is the main purpose of the passage?A．To explain a study method on worms.B．To introduce the diet of a special worm.C．To present a way to break down plastics.D．To propose new means to keep eco-balance.一、题型解读各种话题的阅读材料都可能考查写作目的/意图题设问形式常有：1．整篇文章的写作目的/意图：(1)The writer writes this passage in order to .(2)The purpose of the text is to .(3)What is the main purpose of the passage?(4)The writer of the story wants to tell us that .2．某处细节的写作目的/意图：(1)The writer uses...in the first paragraph to .(2)The writer uses the example of...to .(3)The author writes the last paragraph in order to .二、解题技巧1．文体特点推意图 (1)记叙文：一般会在首段或尾段出现高度概括的总结性语言，且往往有一定的哲理性，所有的叙述都是围绕该哲理展开的。

2)应用文：文章中有对某种物品或服务的详尽介绍，使用具有明显支持倾向的语言3)说明文：写作目的有赖于对文章主旨的把握，阅读时需要找准主题句4)议论文：提出论点——进行论证——得出结论，作者的意图往往隐含于最后一部分中2．看写作手法找答案(1)在文章开头提出问题或介绍与主题有关的其他事物时答案中往往会含有to bring in/to introduce the topic等字眼2)举例或引用某人的话时答案中往往会含有to support/to show...例如：【真题感悟】中的第46题，文章为说明文，主要介绍了一项新的研究发现——蠕虫可以分解塑料因此可以推断该篇文章的写作意图是告诉读者一种新的分解塑料的方法限时训练：A(2018湖南第二次联考)In my very first job with some 1archaeologists，I wasn’t digging objects out of the ground，instead I was employed as an artist，drawing what they found.However，I was soon more interested in the stories behind the objects than in drawing them and that’s how my career in archaeology started.I still draw what I find in my work as a specialist on the Silk Road，the old trade route running from Egypt to Mongolia，and I also work on some underwater projects too.In archaeology，my all-time hero is an American called Raphael Pumpelly.I first heard about him when I was a student on a trip to Turkmenistan，a country right in the heart of Asia.To get around the country，I had to learn Russian so that I could speak to the local people.When I got there I thought，“Wow! I’m one of the first Americans here！” Then an old man told me about an American archaeologist，Raphael Pumpelly，who was there doing the same thing over 100 years ago.Archaeology’s in my family.My wife’s in the same 2profession，and，although our two boys aren’t interested in the future in archaeology themselves，we’ve been on some great digs together and they love what we do because they get to travel with us.Last summer，we took them to Lake Titicaca in South America，in the high areas of the Andes mountain range.My best experience was when I was digging on the Egyptian Red Sea coast.There’s very little rain and it’s so dry that everything is kept as it was.In an old house，where the owner used to store goods from the ships that came in，I picked up a 700-year-old mat in front of the house and there，under it，after all that time，was the house key with the owner’s name carved on it.It felt like he could be on his way home any minute! And I thought，“Hey，I do just that.This man’s not much different to me！”语篇解读　作者在文章中介绍了自己喜欢做考古学家的原因，并讲述了自己在各地考古的经历和感受。