
(完整版)初一英语语法学习知识点详细归纳总结(超详细).pdf
8页初一英语语法学习学问点总结 一,初一英语语法 词法 1,名词 A)名词的数 我们知道名词可以分为可数名词和不行数名词,而不行数名词它没有复数形式, 但可数名词却有单数和复数之分,复数的构成如下: 一)在后面加 s;如: fathers, books, Americans, Germans, apples, bananas 二) x, sh, ch, s, tch 后加 es;如: boxes, glasses, dresses, watches, wishes, 三) 1)以辅音字母加 y 结尾的变 y 为 i 再加 es 如: baby-babies,2)以元音字母 加 y 结尾的直接加 s;如: day-days, boy-boys, toy-toys, key-keys, ways 四) 以 o 结尾加 (s 外来词) ; 如:radios, photos, 但如是辅音加 o的加 es: 如: 西红柿 , potatoes 马铃薯 五)以 f 或 fe 结尾的变 f 为 v 再加 es(s);如:knife-knives, wife-wives, half-halves, shelf-shelves, leaf-leaves, yourself-yourselves 六)单复数相同(不变的)有: fish, sheep, deer鹿子 , Chinese, 七)一般只有复数,没有单数的有: people,pants, shorts, shoes, glasses, gloves, clothes, socks 八)单词形式不变, 既可以是单数也可以是复数的有: police 警察局, 警察, class 班,同学 , family 家,家庭成员 九)合成的复数一般只加主要名词,多数为后一个单词;如: action movie-action movies, pen pal-pen pals; 但假如是由 man 或 woman 所组成的合成词的复数就同 时为复数;如: man doctor-men doctors, woman teacher-women teachers 十)有的单复数意思不同;如: fish 鱼 fishes 鱼的种类 , paper 纸 papers 报纸, 卷子,论文 , work 工作 works 作品,工厂 , glass 玻璃 glasses 玻璃杯,眼镜 , 桔子水 oranges 橙子 , light 光线 lights 灯, people 人 peoples 民族, time 时间 时代 , 次数 , chicken 鸡肉 chickens 小鸡 十一) 单个字母的复数可以有两种形式直接加 s 或 ; s如: Is (I s), Ks (K ;但 s) 如是缩略词就只加 s;如: IDs, VCDs, SARs 第 1 页,共 8 页 十二) 特别形式的有: child-children, man-men, woman-women, foot-feet, mouse-mice, policeman-policemen, Englishman-Englishmen B)名词的格 当我们要表示某人的什么东西或人时,我们就要使用全部格形式;构成如下: 一)单数在后面加 ; s如: brother s, Mike s, teacher s 二)复数以 s 结尾的直接在 s 后加 ,假如不是以 s 结尾的与单数一样处理;如: Teachers D教ay师节 , ; Children 六 一s节Da, y Women s Da三y 八节 三)由 and 并列的名词全部时, 假如是共同全部同一人或物时, 只加最终一个 , s 但分别拥有时却分别按单数形式处理; 如:Mike and Ben s roo迈m 克和本的房间 (共住一间), Mikes and Ben s roo迈 m克 s 和本的房间(各自的房间) 2,代词 项目 人称代词 物主代词 指示代词 反身代词 人称 主格 宾格 形容词 名词性 第一人称 单数 I me my mine myself 复数 we us our ours ourselves 其次人称 单数 you you your yours yourself 复数 单数 you she you her your yours her hers yourselves herself 第三人称 he him his his himself it it its its this that itself 复数 they them their theirs these those themselves 3,动词 A) 第三人称单数 当动词是第三人称单数时,动词应当像名词的单数变动词那样加 s,如下: 一)一般在词后加 s;如: comes, spells, waits, talks, sees, dances, trains 第 2 页,共 8 页 二)在 x, sh, ch, s, tch 后加 es;如: watches, washes, wishes, 三) 1)以辅音字母加 y 结尾的变 y 为 i 再加 es;如: study-studies, hurry-hurries, try-tries 2)以元音字母加 y 结尾的直接加 s;如: plays, says, stays, enjoys, buys 四)以 o 结尾加 es;如: does, goes 五)特别的有: are-is, have-has B) 现在分词 当我们说某人正在做什么事时,动词要使用分词形式,不能用原形,构成如下: 一)一般在后加 ing;如: spell-spelling, sing-singing, see-seeing, train-training, play-playing, hurry-hurrying, watch-watching, go-going, do-doing 二)以不发音 e 的结尾的去掉 e 再加 ing;如: dance-dancing, wake- take-taking, practice-practicing, write-writing, have-having 三)以重读闭音节结尾且一个元音字母一个辅音字母(留意除开字母组合如 show showing, draw-drawing)要双写最终的辅音字母再加 run-running, get-getting, let-letting, begin-beginning ing;如: put-putting, 四)以 ie 结尾的变 ie 为 y 再加 ing;如: tie-tying 系 die-dying 死 lie-lying 位于 4,形容词的级 我们在对两个或以上的人或物进行对比时, 就要使用比较或最高级形式; 构成如 下: 一) 一般在词后加 er 或 est(假如是以 e 结尾就直接加 r 或 st); 如: greater-greatest, shorter shortest, taller tallest, longer longest, nicer- nicest, larger -largest 二)以重读闭音节结尾且 1 个元音字母 1 个辅音字母 (字母组合除外,如 few-fewer fewest)结尾的双写结尾的辅音再加 red-redder reddest, hot-hotter hottest er /est;如: big-bigger biggest, 三) 以辅音字母 y 结尾的变 y 为 i 加 er/est;如: happy-happier happiest, sorry-sorrier sorriest, friendly-friendlier friendliest(more friendly most friendly), busy-busier busiest, easy-easier easiest 四)特别情形: (两好多坏,一少老远 ) 第 3 页,共 8 页 good/well - better best many/much - more most bad/ill worse worst little- less least old- older/elder oldest/eldest far- farther/further farthest/furthest 5,数词 (基变序,有规章;一,二,三,自己背;五,八,九,十二;其它后 接 th;y 结尾,变为 i, eth 跟上去; ) first, second, third; fifth, eighth, ninth, twelfth; seventh, tenth, thirteenth, hundredth; twenty-twentieth, forty-fortieth, ninety-ninetieth 二,初一英语语法 句式 1.陈述句 确定陈述句 a) This is a book. (be 动词 b) He looks very young. (连系动词 ) c) I want a sweat like this. (实义动词 ) d) I can bring some things to school. 情( 态动词 ) e) There s a computer on my desk. (Ther结e 构 否定陈述句 a) These aren t their books. b) They don t look nice. c) Kate doesn t go to No. 4 Middle School. d) Kate can t find her doll. e) There isn t a cat here. (=There s no cat here.) 2. 祈使句 确定祈使句 a) Please go and ask the man. b) Let s learn English. c) Come in, please. 第 4 页,共 8 页 否定祈使句 a) Don t be late. b) Don t hurry. 3. 疑问句 1) 一般疑问句 a) Is Jim a student. b) Can I help you. c) Does she like salad. d) Do they watch TV. e) Is she reading. 确定回答 : a) Yes, he is. b) Yes, you can. c) Yes, she does. d) Yes, they do. e) Yes, she is. 否定回答 : a) No, he isn t. b) No, you can t. c) No, she doesn t. d) No, they don No, she isn t. 2) 挑选疑问句 Is the table big or small. 回答 It s big./ It s small. 3) 特别疑问句 问年龄 How old is Lucy. She is twelve. 问种类 What kind of movies do you like. I like action movies and comedies. 问身体状况 How is your uncle. He is well/fine. 问方式 How do/can you spell it. L-double O-K. How do we contact you. My e-mail address is . 问缘由 Why do you want to join the club. 问时间 Whats the time. (=What time is it.) It s a quarter to ten a.m. What time do 。












