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氟喹诺酮复合模板印迹聚合物的制备及其在食品检测中的应用.pdf

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    • 摘 要 I摘 要 本文共包括三章 第一章:阐述了分子印迹技术的产生和发展及其基本原理,介绍了分子印迹聚合物的制备方法,综述了该技术在食品检测中的应用情况 第二章:建立了一种分子印迹固相萃取(MISPE)结合高效液相色谱二极管阵列检测器(HPLC-DAD)测定牛奶中氟喹诺酮类抗生素的方法以左氧氟沙星和环丙沙星为模板分子, α-甲基丙烯酸 (MAA) 作为功能单体, 三羟甲基丙烷三甲基丙烯酸酯 (TRIM)作为交联剂合成了分子印迹聚合物 通过静态平衡结合实验研究了印迹聚合物对模板分子的结合特性对影响分子印迹固相萃取效率的各项参数进行了优化并最终选定 4%氨水甲醇为洗脱液 牛奶样品经2%醋酸乙腈提取和正己烷脱脂后在MISPE柱上进行净化,洗脱液在 281 nm 下进行检测样品加标水平为 100 和 200 μg·kg-1,10 种沙星的方法回收率在 84.1-104.7%, 相对标准偏差 (n=3) 小于 4.3%, 方法的检测限在 1.34 和 7.35 μg·kg-1之间本法在灵敏度和精确度上均适用于牛奶中残留氟喹诺酮的定性和定量检测 第三章:建立了一种同时测定鱼肉中 10 种氟喹诺酮类药物残留量的高效液相色谱-离子阱质谱法(HPLC-ITMS)。

      采用 2%醋酸乙腈提取样品,提取液经正己烷脱脂后过自制的分子印迹固相萃取柱净化对样品前处理条件及液-质分离条件进行了优化,最终以 0.05%甲酸水溶液和乙腈作为流动相,以梯度洗脱程序进行色谱分离,离子阱质谱进行定性和定量分析方法的回收率为 80.6-104.6%,相对标准偏差小于 8.6%(n=3),检测限(LOD)为 0.11-0.25 μg·kg-1,定量限(LOQ)为 0.35-0.84 μg·kg-1方法可满足水产品中氟喹诺酮类药物确证和多残留分析的需要 关键词 分子印迹技术 食品检测 复合模板印迹聚合物 固相萃取 氟喹诺酮 高效液相色谱 离子阱质谱Abstract IIAbstract This thesis consists of three chapters. IN CHAPTER ONE, the development history and basic principle of the molecularly imprinting technology (MIT) were described. The preparation methods of molecular imprinting polymer (MIP) and the application of MIP in food detection were also reviewed. IN CHAPTER TWO, a high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detection method (HPLC-DAD) for the determination of fluoroquinolone antibiotics in milk has been developed using molecularly imprinted polymer solid phase extraction (MISPE). The molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) has been prepared using levofloxacin and ciprofloxacin as the templates, α-methacrylic acid (MAA) as functional monomers and trimethylolpropane trimethylacrylate (TRIM) as crosslinker. The imprinted polymer has been characterized by equilibrium binding experiment to investigate the binding ability to template molecule. Various parameters affecting the extraction efficiency of the polymer in the MISPE procedure have been evaluated to achieve optimal preconcentration followed by a elution with 4% ammonia in methanol. The resides are extracted from milk with 2% acetic acid in acetonitrile, purified on the MISPE cartridge and then analyzed using HPLC-DAD set at 281 nm. The method has been validated by analyzing spiked milk samples at two levels (100 and 200 μg·kg-1 ), the mean recoveries of the method range from 84.1 to 104.7% with relative standard deviation no more than 4.3% (n=3) for fleroxacin, enoxacin, pefloxacin, norfloxacin, ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, lomefloxacin, enrofloxacin, gatifloxacin, sparfloxacin, the method detection limits range between 1.34 and 7.35 μg·kg-1. The HPLC-DAD validated method was proved to be suitable for the sensitive and accurate quantification and confirmation analysis for the residues of fluoroquinolones. IN CHAPTER THREE, a method has been established for simultaneous determination of residues of ten fluoroquinolones in grass carp by high performance liquid chromatography-ion trap mass spectrometry (HPLC-ITMS). The samples were extracted with 2% acetic acid in acetonitrile and defatted with n-hexane, then purified by the self-made Abstract IIImolecularly imprinted cartridge. The preparation of samples and the separation conditions had been optimized, HPLC was performed with a gradient elution program while acetonitrile and water (containing 0.05% formic acid) were used as mobile phase. The identification and quantification were done with ion trap mass spectrometry. The recoveries ranged from 80.6 to 104.6% while the relative standard deviations below 8.6% (n=3). The limits of detection (LOD) were 0.11-0.25 μg·kg-1 and the limits of quantification (LOQ) were 0.35-0.84 μg·kg-1. This method is suitable for validation and multi-residue analysis of fluoroquolones in aquatic products. Keywords Molecular Imprinting Technique (MIT) Food detection Mixed-templates imprinted polymer Solid phase extraction Fluoroquolones High performance liquid chromatography Ion trap mass spectrometry第 1 章 绪 论 1第 1 章 绪 论 摘 要 阐述了分子印迹技术的产生和发展及其基本原理,介绍了分子印迹聚合物的制备方法,综述了该技术在食品检测中的应用情况。

      关键词 分子印迹技术 基本原理 食品检测 应用 1.1 引言 分子印迹技术,又称分子烙印技术(molecular imprinting technique, MIT),即制备分子印迹聚合物(molecularly imprinted polymer, MIP)的过程,是模拟自然界所存在的分子识别作用,合成对目标分子(模板分子或印迹分子)具有特定选择性的聚合物的技术 分子印迹技术的思想最早起源于 20 世纪初的免疫学的发展 20 世纪 30 年代, Breinl和 Haurowitz[1]发现:抗体在遇到其异型生物质抗原时能产生多变性,接着 Mudd[2]提出了一种当抗原侵入时生物体会产生抗体的理论来解释抗体形成的机理随后在 20 世纪40 年代,在总结前人的基础上,Pauling[3]在研究抗体和抗原的相互作用时首次提出了模板学说,即以抗原为模板生物体合成抗体的设想,其要点是多肽链或蛋白质以进入机体的抗原为模板来合成抗体尽管克隆选择理论[4]否定了 Pauling 的理论,但是他提出的验证设想的方法是富有想象力的,使化学家们由此受到了启示,科学家对生物分子天然识别的模拟研究产生了浓厚兴趣,并由此对分子印迹进行了各种尝试,为分子印迹理论的产生奠定了基础。

      1949 年,Dickey[5]用染料在硅胶上进行了实验并成功地将甲基橙印迹到了硅胶表面上,而且首次提出了专一性吸附的概念Dickey 的硅胶可以认为是第一种印迹材料,但遗憾的是可供这项技术选择的试验材料十分有限, 因此很长一段时间内没有引起足够的重视1972 年,Wulff[6]研究小组开创性地合成了 D-甘油醛的分子印迹聚合物(见图 1-1),实现了有机聚合物的分子印迹,使分子印迹技术的研究获得了突破性的进展,但由于共价型分子印迹聚合物缓慢的动力学过程, 使得这一时期分子印迹技术的应用仅河北大学理学硕士学位论文 限于催化领域 图 1-1 Wulff[6]报导的 D-甘油醛分子印迹聚合物 Fig. 1-1 D-glyceraldehyde reported by Wulff[6] 随着 80 年代非共价键型 MIP[7,8]的出现,特别是 1993 年 Mosbach[9]等在《Nature》上发表茶碱分子印迹聚合物的报道以后,分子印迹技术得到了迅速地发展,在生物传感器、人工抗体模拟及固相萃取等方面有了新的发展,有关论文。

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