
形容词副词用法总结.docx
8页形容词和副词一形容词的基本用法:形容词是用来描写或修饰名词或代词的一类词,在句中用作定语、表语、补语和状语1. 作定语,就是放在名词前面的成分This is a new house. John is a clever boy.2. 作表语,就是放在系动词后面的成分The boy is very clever. He is very strong.3. 作补语,就是放在句子最后,起补充说明的成分The room is found empty.(主语补足语)The news made her happy.(宾语补足语)4.作其它成分,如状语,5.当几个形容词共同修饰同一名词时,它们的先后顺序是:限定词t数词t描述性形容词t 大小、长短、形状的形容词—色彩形容词—类属形容词—表材料形容词+被修饰的名词;或 只记住限定词像a, the, my, their等词在最前边,其它词根据它们与被修饰名词关系的远近进 行安排6. 一般来说,单个副词修饰形容词时,副词放在形容词前;但enough修饰形容词 时要放在形容词之后good enough,tall enough7. 形容词修饰名词时放在前边,但修饰复合不定代词 (something, someone, somebody; anything, anyone, anybody; nothing, no one,nobody)时,则放在这些词之后something important, anything possibleo 二副词的基本用法:副词是用以修饰动词、形容词、副词以及全句的词,表示时间、地点、方式、程度、疑 问等概念。
1.作状语:The students watch him quietly.(修饰动词)2.作表语:Time is up. Let’s go. (表示状态)3.作定语:Life there is very dull. ( 一般后置)4. 修饰形容词或副词,表示程度:His invention is very useful.(修饰形容词)Henry sings quite well. (修饰副词)5.副词作状语时,位置很灵活:He walks slowly. (动词后)I often swim in summer.(动词前)Maybe you are right. (句首)That’s all right. (形容词前)Tom speaks too quickly.(副词前)6.副词表示频度,修饰动词时位于系动词be和助 动词后,行为动词do之前,还可置于句首或句末例如:He usually goes to school early.I am always with you. 7.有些副词的形式与形容词才目同,如high,fast等:Put the book back on the shelf.(副词)It is our back door. (形容词)8. 有许多副词是形容词加上后缀ly构成的,如carefully,happily等,但如果是名词加ly,构 成的则是形容词,如friendly,lovely等。
9.兼有两种形式的副词如:close 与 closely: close 意思是"近";closely 意思是"仔细地”a. He is sitting close to me. b. Watch him closely.late 与 lately: late 意思是"晚”;lately 意思是”最近”a. You have e too late. b. What have you been doing lately"deep与deeply: deep意思是"深”,表示空间深度;deeply时常表示感情上的深度,"深深地”a. He pushed the stick deep into the mud.b. Father was deeply moved by the film.high与highly: high表示空间高度;highly表示程度,才相当于mucha. The plane was flying high.b. I think highly of you.wide与widely: wide表示空间宽度;widely意思是"广泛地、在许多地方”a. He opened the door wideb. English is widely used in the world.Eee与freely: free的意思是”免费”;freely的意思是”无限制地”。
a. You can eat free in my restaurant whenever you like.b. You may speak freely; say what you like.三形容词比较级和最高级的构成形容词的比较级和最高级变化形式规则如下构成法原级比较级最高级①一般单音节词末尾加er和eststrongstrongerstrongest②单音节词如果以e结尾,只加r和ststrangestrangerstrangest③闭音节单音节词如末尾只有一个辅音字母,须先双写这 个辅音字母,再加er和estsadbig hotsadderbiggerhottersaddestbiggesthottest④双音节单词词尾是辅音字母加y结尾,把y变成i,再加 er 和 estangry easy happyangrier easier happierangriest easiest happiest⑤其它双音节和多音节词都在前面加单词more和mostcareful differentmore carefulmore differentmost carefulmost different四形容词比较级或最高级的特殊形式:1. 部分双音节单词(除辅音字母+y结尾,以er结尾,以ow结尾,以le结尾)以及其 它的多音节的形容词只能加more和most。
只能说more beautiful而不能说beautifuller ;只能 说the most beautiful而不能说beautifullest但是,有前缀un的三音节形容词不适合上述情况, 如 unhappy,untidy,我们可以说:unhappierTunhappiest,untidierTuntidiest2. 由ing分词和ed分词演变过来的形容词(包括不规则动词如know—known)只能加more 或 most 来表示它们的比较级和最高级more(most) striking,more(most) interesting,more(most)wounded, more(most)worn 等3.英语里有些形容词由于其词义而不可能有比较级形式woodenwholemainperfectpossible木质的整个的主要的完美的可能的五不规则形容词的比较级和最高级形式good /wellbetterbestbad /illworseworstmany/muchmoremostlittlelessleastfarfartherfarthestfurtherfurthest (抽象意义)六副词比较级和最高级的形式副词比较级和最高级的变化形式与形容词基本上一样。
一般副词hard—harder—hardestfast—faster—fastestlate—later—latestearly—earlier—earliest特殊副词well—better—bestmuch—more—mostbadly—worse—worstlittle—less—least但是后缀-ly结尾的副词不能像形容词那样加-er或-est,如:quickly—more quickly—most quickly quietly—more quietly—most quietly[注]early中的-ly不是后缀,故可以把y变i再加er和est七形容词和副词比较级的特殊用法1 .和more有关的词组:1) the more・・・the more… 越 就越 例如:The harder you work, the greater progress you'll make. 越努力,进步越大The more I work, the more I acplish,我干得越多,完成的就越多2) no more than 与 样例如:The officials could see no more than the Emperor.官员们看到的和皇帝一样多。
3) more than 超过,不只是例如:There are more than two thousand people in the hall.4) more and more 越来越…It rained more and more heavily. 雨下得越来越大了She went farther and farther away. 她越走越远了5) had better 最好:We’d better not disturb him,我们最好不要打扰他What had we better do"我们最好怎么办?2 .和less有关的词组1) less than不到…不太:It was ready in less than a week.2) no less than多达不少于No less than 2 million people came. 至少来了 2 百万人3) more or less基本上 大体上 大约The work is more or less finished.这项工作基本上完成了3.形容词最高级可用作表语,这时定冠词the可以省略例句:I think her plan is best.我认为她的计划最好。
4.形容词最高级还可和at构成许多短语作状语,如at best, at least, at most等八形容词和副词的等级英语里形容词与副词有三个比较等级,即原级、比较级和最高级其用法是:1) 没有比较时用原级,同级比较时用"as +原级+as”结构如: He does not smoke so heavily as his brother.2) 表示二者的比较时用 比较级,比较级前可用many, much, far, a little, a bit, slightly, a great / good deal, a lot等词语修饰如: I'm much busier today than I was yesterday.3) 表示"最……”时用最高级,常用于"the +最高级+比较*围”结构如: This is the best picture in the hall.九最高级的特殊句型:1 "one of the +最高级+复数名词”表示”最……之一”如: China is one of the largest countries in the world.2. "the +序数词+最高级+单数可数名词”表示”第几……”。
如: The Yellow Ri。
