虚拟语气讲稿.docx

虚拟语气英语中有三种语气：1. 直陈语气--- 表示所说的话是事实e.g. I went to the cinema last night. China is in East Asia.2. 祈使语气--- 表示所说的话是请求，命令e.g. Sit down, please.Come in, please.3. 虚拟语气--- 如果我们说的话不是事实，而是 一种假设，愿望，建议，或是实现不了的空想 就用动词的虚拟语气形式虚拟语气在各种句式中的用法1. 虚拟语气用于条件状语从句 虚拟条件句谓语动词的构成形式：条件状语从句 If + S + did/ were 主句 与现在事 实相反与过去事 实相反If+~S~+had +doneS+shouW/wouW/ could/might+doS+shouM/wouW/ could/might+hav e +done与将来事 实相反could/might+doArdid/werebS+shouW/wouW/B :谓语用were to+doC :谓语用should+do注意: 1）表示与现在事实相反e.g. If we had time, we would go withyou .If I were you, I shouldn't do that .2）表示与过去事实相反e.g. If he had seen you yesterday, he would have asked you about it.If you had come earlier, you would have met him.3）表示与将来事实相反e.g. If it rained, the crops would be saved.If it were to snow tomorrow, they would not go out.4）当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为 所发生的时间不一致时，动词的形式要根据它 所表示的时间来调整。

混合虚拟）e.g. If you had followed the doctor's advice, you would be quite all right now. （从句说的是过去，主句说的是现在 If I were you, I would have gone to Australia with Alice. （从句是现在，主句 是过去）5）以上句型可以转换成下列形式：a. if 从句省略，用倒装句式 were, had, should + Se.g. Were I in school again, I would work harder.Had you been here earlier, you would have seen him.Should there be a meeting tomorrow, I would come.b. 用介词短语 （或客观事实 ）代替条件状语从句 （含蓄的虚拟）Without/But for your help, we would not have finished this task.=If you had not helped me, I would not have finished this task.He did not come yesterday, or you might have seen him.=If he had come yesterday, you might have seen him.Our monitor was absent, otherwise I would not have taken the chair.=If our monitor had not been absent, I would not have taken the chair.6)用于 if it were not for …表示同现在事实相反的假设，意为“如果没有”。

e.g. If it were not for the rain, the crops should (would) die.表示同过去事实相反的假设，意为“如果当时没有”e.g. If it had not been for your timely help, I would have failed.2. 虚拟语气用于宾语从句1) wish+宾语从句，表示不能实现的愿望 从句的谓语动词形式 表示现在不能 实现的愿望表示过去不能 实现的愿望动词过去式*had+doney *should/would/could/ might+have +donemight+do^示将来不能fshould/wouWcouW实现的愿望2 ) 虚拟语气在动词 advise, suggest, propose, command, order, demand, require, request, insist, desire, urge) 等 后面的宾语从句中用 should+ doe.g. I suggest that we (should) hold a meeting tonight.They insisted that we (should) start at once.注意：A. insista) 作“力言、强调”解时，不用虚拟语气Mike insisted that he had never stolen anything.b) 作“坚持、应该做”解时，用虚拟语气I insisted that you give me my money back.B. suggesta) 作“暗示，表明”解时，不用虚拟语气 Her pale face suggested that she was ill.b) 作“建议”解时，用虚拟语气He suggested that we (should) start at once.3. 虚拟语气用于表语从句/ 同位语从句作 advice, suggestion, proposal, command, order, demand, requirement, request 等的表语或同位语 时，用 should+ doe.g. We all agreed to his suggestion that we (should) go to Beijing for sightseeing.My idea is that he (should) do exercises first.4. 虚拟语气用于主语从句 在主语从句中，谓语动词的虚拟语气结构用“should+do ”的结构，表示惊奇、不相信、 惋惜、 如此等。

1) It +be(is/was)+adj.( necessary, important, natural, desirable, advisable, strange, etc.) that + 主语 + (should)+doe.g. It is necessary that we (should) clean the room every day.2) It +be(is/was) +n. (a pity, a shame, no wonder, etc. ) that + 主 语 + (should)+doIt was a pity that you (should) be so careless.3) It +be(is/was) +done (desired, suggested, decided, ordered, requested, proposed, etc. ) that + 主 语 + (should)+doIt will be desired that she (should) finish her homework this afternoon. 注意：1) 在上述三种主语从句中，should意为“应该”“竟然”可以省去，但不可换用wouldo主 句所用动词的时态不限。

2) ■这种从句表示的是事实如果说话人对这种事 实表示惊奇，就可用虚拟语气反之，如果不表 示惊奇，that从句也可用陈述语气It is strange that he did not come yesterday.It is a pity that you can't swim.5. 虚拟语气用于 as if , as though 引导的表语从句/ 方式状语从句与现在事实相反 与过去事实相反 与将来事实相反从句的谓语动词形式 did had +doneshould/would/could/ might+doeg. He_iooks_Jat_me_as_ifiwere_madHe speaks English so fluently as if he had studied English in England. It looks as if it might rain.注意： as if , as though 后面的从句也常用陈 述语气It looks as if our side is going to win.6.虚拟语气用于定语从句这种从句常用在 It is /was (high/about) time (that)句型中，定语从句的谓语动词用过 去式或should+动词原形(should不能省略， be用were)来表示，意为“(现在)该…” e.g. It is time we should go home .It is time we went home.7. 虚拟语气用于 if only 引导的感叹句：从句的谓语动词形式 与现在事实相反dd与过去事实相反had +done与将来事实相反e.g.—Ifonl If onlyshould/would/could/ might+do yIwerea—bird! I had taken his advice.8．虚拟语气用于 would rather 后接从句：从句的谓语动词形式did had +donedid 与现在事实相反与过去事实相反 与将来事实相反 ..I'd rather she hadn't done that.I would rather they came tomorrow.9．虚拟语气用于简单句1) 表示说话人谦虚、客气、有礼貌，使语气委婉， 常出现在日常会话中。

It would be better for you not to stayup too late.Would you be kind enough to open the door?2) 用于一些习惯表达法中Would you like a cup of tea?You had better go now.3) 用于表示“祝愿”、“但愿”May you be happy!May you succeed!Long live the People's Republic of China!10. 虚拟语气用于目的状语从句in order that/so that+ can/ could/ may/ might+doe.g. Mr. Fang spoke slowly so that we could follow hi。