各种从句中的虚拟语气.docx

卫虚拟语气一、 情态动词的过去式用于现在时态时，表示说话人的谦虚、客气、有礼貌、或委婉的语气, 常用于日常会话中如：(l) .Would you be kind enough to show me the way to the post office?请你告诉我去邮局的路好 吗？⑵.It would be better for you not to stay up too late.你最好别熬夜到很晚二、 表祝愿1、 常用“may+动词原形”表示祝愿，但愿，此时may须置于句首(多用于正式文体中)⑴、May good luck be yours!祝你好运！⑵、May you be happy!祝你快乐！⑶、May you do even better!祝你取得更大成就！⑷、May you have a good time.祝愿你玩的痛快⑸、May the friendship between us last long.祝愿我们的友情天长地久⑹、May you be happy.(注意那个be )祝你幸福2、 用动词原形例如：(1) .Long live the people!人民万岁！(2) .“God bless you,"said the priest.牧师说：“愿上帝保佑你！"(3) .Have a good journey!祝愿你旅途愉快！三、 表示强烈愿望。

该类型虚拟语气谓语仅用动词原形，第三人称单数也不力Fs”)(1) .God save me.(2) .Heaven help us.四、 表命令1. 命令虚拟语气只能用在第二人称(you)，而且通常省略主语(也就是you)2. 句子尾通常加上感叹号：！3. 虚拟语气动词用一般现在时态(Simple Present)，如：work, be , go4. 否定形式的命令语气，可用助动词do,加上not1） . Work !（2） . Work harder !（3） . Be more alert !（虚拟语气动词 Be）（4） . You go out !（5） . Do not work so hard. （do not表示否定的虚拟语气）（6） . Don't be afraid. （口语中常用 don't 代替 do not）五、在一些习惯表达中如：（1） .You'd better set off now.你最好现在就出发2） .I'd rather not tell you the secret.我情愿不告诉你这个秘密名词性从句中的虚拟语气第一节：宾语从句（Subordinate Clasue）中的虚拟语气一、在动词wish后的宾语从句中的虚拟语气在动词wish后的宾语从句中的虚拟语气，常省去宾语从句的引导词that。

一）、对现在情况的虚拟（与现在的事实相反）：从句用过去式或过去进行式（时间上是同时的）其句子结构为：宾语从句的谓语be和 were（was），实义动词用过去式例：1. I wish （that 可省略，下同）I knew the answer to the question.（wish,动词过去式 knew）我希望知道这个答案事实上是不知道）2. I wish it were spring in my hometown all the year around.（wish, were）但愿我的家乡四季如春事实上不可能）3. I wish I were a bird.（wish, were）但愿我是只小鸟事实上不可能）4. When she was at the party,she wished she were at home.（wished, 过去虚拟动词 were）（事实 上并不在家）5. Now that he is in China, he wishes he understood Chinese.（wishes,过去虚拟动词 understood）现在他在中国，他希望能懂得中文。

事实上并不懂）6. When we begin the trip, they will wish they were with us.（will wish,过去虚拟动词 were）（事实上并不和我们在一起）二）、对过去情况的虚拟（和过去的事实相反）：用wish表示对过去事情的遗憾其句子结构为：宾语从句的谓语用过去完成时，或would, could, might+现在完成时1. I wish （that 可省略，下同）I hadn't wasted so much time.我后悔不该浪费这么多时间事实上已浪费了）2. He wishes he hadn't lost the chance.他真希望没有失去机会其实已失去）3. We wished he had spoken to us.（wished， had + spoken）（事实上他并没同我们讲）4. I wish you had called earlier.（wish, had + called）（事 实上已迟了）5. They will wish they had listened to us sooner.（will wish,had + listened）（事 实上并不如此）例题分析：I wish I longer this morning, but I had to get up and come to class.A. could have slept B. slept C. might have slept D. have slept动词wish后面接从句，表达不可能实现或与事实相反的情况时，谓语动词要用虚拟语 气，即用过去式（表示现在发生的动作）或过去完成式（表示过去发生的动作。

本题 后半句谓语动词have用的是过去时had to get up and come,所以前面要用过去完成时 表示过去发生的动作所以，选项A）could have slept是答案三）、对将来情况的虚拟（表示将来的主观愿望）：从句动词"would/should/could/might +动词原形"（时间上较后）（请注意：主句和从句的主语不相同）用wish表示对将来事情的愿望例：1. I wish it would stop raining.（虚拟动词 would+动词原形 stop）我希望雨能停止事实上雨还在下着呢）2. I wish you would be quiet.(would + be)我希望你安静一些事实上那家伙还在吵着呢）3. You wished she would arrive the next day.（would + arrive）你希望她第二天会到事实上她还没到）4. I wish she would change her mind.（would + change）我希望她会改变主意呵呵，女孩子可没那么容易就改变主意喔）5. He will wish we would join him the following week.（would + join）（只是希望我们和他在一起，实际上还没在一起）四）、注意：1. 如果将wish改为过去式wished,其后that从句中的动词形式不变。

例如：I wished I hadn't spent so much money.我要是那时没有花掉那么多钱就好了2. 如果that从句中用would , 一般表示对现状不满或希望未来有所改变或请求I wish he would answer my letter.I wish prices would come down.I wish you would help me.I wish you would stop asking silly questions.二、在表示建议、命令、要求、忠告等动词的后面的宾语从句中的虚拟语气由于这些动词本身隐含说话者的主观意见，认为某事应该或不应该怎样，这些词语后面的 “that ”从句应用虚拟语气，且均以“should+动词原形”表示这种语气，但事实上“should ”常被 省略，故此从句中谓语动词用原形1. The doctor suggested that he （should） try to lose his weight.2. He insisted that we （should ） tell him the news.3. When I suggested that he try shaving cream, he said, “The razor and water do the job. ”（当我建议他用刮胡膏时，他说“剃刀和水就行了”。

4. He pursued various theories for several days until I suggested we take the toy apart to see how itdid work.（他费了几天功夫寻找理论根据，直到我建议拆开看看它是如何转动的5.0ne can suggest that students should spend two or three years in an English^0speaking country.(我们建议学生应在说英语的国家呆上两三年)在表示命令、建议、要求等一类动词后面的从句中虚拟语气很普遍，其结构如：order, suggest, propose, require, demand, request, insist, command, insist +... (should) do6.I suggest that we (should) hold a meeting next week.7. He insisted that he (should ) be sent there.但注意：在insist后的从句中，如果是坚持自己，用陈述语气，坚持别人做什么事情，用 虚拟语气.8. she insists that she is right.9. she insisted that I should finish the work at once.或者说，suggest, insist不表示建议或坚持要某人做某事时，即它们用于其本意暗示、表 明、坚持认为时，宾语从句用陈述语气。

10. The guard at gate insisted that everybody obey the rules.判断改错：11. You pale face suggests that you (should) be ill.12. Your pale face suggests that you are ill.13. I insisted that you ( should) be wrong.14. I insisted that you were wrong.例题分析：15.It is politely requested by the hotel management that radios after 11o'clock at night.A. were not played B. not be playedC. not to play D. did not play全句意思是：“旅馆管理部门恳请。