生物质中蛋白质的测定.pdf

A national laboratory of the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Energy Efficiency & Renewable Energy National Renewable Energy Laboratory Innovation for Our Energy Future Determination of Protein Content in Biomass Laboratory Analytical Procedure (LAP) Issue Date: 05/23/2008 B. Hames, C. Scarlata, and A. Sluiter Technical Report NREL/TP-510-42625 Revised May 2008 NREL is operated by Midwest Research Institute ● Battelle Contract No. DE-AC36-99-GO10337 Determination of Protein Content in Biomass Laboratory Analytical Procedure (LAP) Issue Date: 05/23/2008 B. Hames, C. Scarlata, and A. Sluiter Technical Report NREL/TP-510-42625 Revised May 2008 National Renewable Energy Laboratory 1617 Cole Boulevard, Golden, Colorado 80401-3393 303-275-3000 • • www.nrel.gov Operated for the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy by Midwest Research Institute • Battelle Contract No. DE-AC36-99-GO10337 DISCLAIMER These Standard Biomass Analytical Methods (“Methods”) are provided by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (“NREL”), which is operated by the Midwest Research Institute (“MRI”) for the Department Of Energy. Access to and use of these Methods shall impose the following obligations on the user. The user is granted the right, without any fee or cost, to use, copy, modify, alter, enhance and distribute these Methods for any purpose whatsoever, except commercial sales, provided that this entire notice appears in all copies of the Methods. Further, the user agrees to credit NREL/MRI in any publications that result from the use of these Methods. The names NREL/MRI, however, may not be used in any advertising or publicity to endorse or promote any products or commercial entity unless specific written permission is obtained from NREL/MRI. The user also understands that NREL/MRI is not obligated to provide the user with any support, consulting, training or assistance of any kind with regard to the use of these Methods or to provide the user with any updates, revisions or new versions. THESE METHODS ARE PROVIDED BY NREL/MRI “AS IS“ AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL NREL/MRI BE LIABLE FOR ANY SPECIAL, INDIRECT OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES WHATSOEVER, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO CLAIMS ASSOCIATED WITH THE LOSS OF DATA OR PROFITS, WHICH MAY RESULT FROM AN ACTION IN CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS CLAIM THAT ARISES OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE ACCESS, USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THESE METHODS. Procedure Title: Determination of Protein Content in Biomass Laboratory Analytical Procedure 1. Introduction 1.1 Biomass used as a feedstock for conversion to fuels and chemicals may contain protein and other nitrogen containing materials. These constituents are measured as part of a comprehensive biomass analysis. Protein in biomass is difficult to measure directly. In many cases the nitrogen content of the biomass sample is measured by combustion or Kjeldahl methods and the protein content is estimated using an appropriate Nitrogen Factor (NF). There are published methods that recommend using an NF of 6.25 for all types of biomass except wheat grains where an NF of 5.70 is recommended. Use of these published nitrogen factors may lead to errors when applied to biomass feedstock or process intermediates. This LAP includes a procedure for calculating an appropriate NF for most biomass types. 1.2 The procedure for the determination of Nitrogen Factors is substantially similar to that described in Mossé (1990). 1.3 This procedure covers the determination of nitrogen-to-protein conversion factors that are used to estimate the amount of protein in a biomass sample. 2. Scope 2.1 This procedure is appropriate for most types of biomass, including extractives-free biomass (biomass that has been extracted using LAP “Determination of Extractives in Biomass”) and biomass before extraction. 2.2 This procedure is suitable for biomass feedstocks, process solids, and process liquids. 2.3 Some types of biomass feedstocks, such as bark-free wood chips, contain little or no protein. For these samples, a protein measurement is not a necessary part of a comprehensive compositional analysis. 2.4 All analyses shall be performed according to the guidelines established in an appropriate laboratory specific Quality Assurance Plan (QAP). 2.5 Results are reported as a weight percent of the oven-dried biomass (105ºC). 3. Terminology 3.1 Oven dry weight (ODW)- the weight of biomass mathematically corrected for the amount of moisture present in the sample at the time of weighing 3.2 Nitrogen Factor – A conversion factor used to estimate protein content from measured nitrogen content. 3.3 Non-protein nitrogen – The difference between the measured nitrogen content and the nitrogen content th。