专题讲座 主谓一致.doc

龙岗区妇女儿童活动中心·博龙教育专题讲座 在英语的句子中，谓语动词的形式应与主语的人称和数保持一致近几年来，高考关于该内容的考查主要集中在语法一致、逻辑意义一致以及就近（远）一致原则等三个方面一、语法一致原则只要确定句子的主语是单数意义，则谓语用单数，句子的主语意义复数，则谓语用复数具体表现如下：1.不可数名词作主语，一律视为单数某些以s结尾的单数名词作主语，仍视为单数No news is good news.His task was to collect information.How much machinery has been installed?2.表示单一概念的动名词、不定式或句子作主语时，谓语动词用单数When and where to go for the on－salary holiday has not been decided yet.3. “ one, either, neither, each of ＋复数名词或代词”作主语时， 谓语用单数Either of the stories is very funny. 4.something, everything, anything, nothing，somebody, nobody, no one 等不定代词作主语，谓语通常是单数。

Nothing is impossible.5.表示时间、金钱、距离、重量、数量的复数名词作主语，通常看作一个整体，谓语动词用单数Ten pounds was missing from the box.6. a series of, a kind of, a piece of, a pair of 等量词修饰名词，通常以量词的单复数形式来决定谓语的单复数 This pair of glasses is very expensive.Two series of new stamps have been ordered. 7.a number of ＋复数名词，“许多……”，复数意义；the number of ＋复数名词，“……的数目”，单数意义the population of…“……的人口数量”作主语时，谓语用单数，但如果是分数、百分数、half of, the rest of the population 作主语时，具体指其中的多少人，复数意义，谓语则用复数the average of…“……的平均数量”，作主语时，谓语用单数The number of the students in our school is quite large and a number of teachers work hard.The population of China is large and most of the population are farmers.8.主语后with, together with, along with, except, besides, as well as 等短语时，谓语动词的数要和这些短语前面的名词的单复数保持一致。

因为with等词为介词，其后跟的名词只能是介宾，不可能充当主语)Mr. Green together with his children goes to the park every Sunday.9.“the ＋adj.”结构指一类人时，谓语动词用复数；如果指个别人或表示抽象的概念，谓语动词用单数The disabled are well taken care of in this country.The dead in this accident was 20, a girl from Nanjing University. The new is certain to replace the old.10.分数、百分数、all, some, the rest, half of, most of, part of 等作主语时，谓语动词的单复数根据其指代的含义确定The rest of the workers are still very tired.11.当and连接两个并列主语在意义上指同一人、同一物、同一事或者同一概念时，应看作单数，谓语动词用单数另外，当and 连接两个形容词去修饰一个单数形式的主语时，其实是指两种不同的事物，主语则应该看作是复数， 那么谓语动词也应该用复数。

War and peace is a constant theme in history. Chinese and Japanese silk are of good quality.英语中并列结构表示整体概念的有：iron and steel 钢铁 law and order 治安bread and butter黄油面包 a watch and chain 一块带链的表a knife and fork 一副刀叉 a coat and tie 一件配有领带的上衣aim and end 目的 truth and honesty 真诚12.what 引导的主语从句作主语时，谓语动词的单复数要取决于作表语的名词的单复数What surprised me most was his attitude towards his study.13.such 作主语时，谓语动词的单复数形式要根据其意义而定Such is Stephen Hawking, who has suffered a great deal but achieved so much.14.quantities of ＋名词作主语时，不论名词是复数还是不可数，谓语一律用复数。

a quantity of ＋名词复数作主语时，谓语用复数a quantity of ＋不可数名词作主语时，谓语用单数 amounts of ＋不可数名词作主语时，谓语用复数an amount of ＋不可数名词作主语时，谓语用单数Every day quantities of water are wasted. A large amount of damage has been done because of the floods.二、逻辑意义一致原则1.every /each/no ＋名词＋and every/ each/ no ＋名词作主语时，谓语用单数Every boy and every girl is having sports now.2.“one ＋单数名词＋and a half”作主语时，谓语动词用单数One apple and a half was on the table.3.“more than one ＋单数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式More than one student has failed the exam.4.“many a ＋单数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数。

Many a child was playing there.【注意】以上四种情况，如果从意义上来讲，主语有复数意义，但由于名词都是以单数形式出现的，故谓语用单数形式，谓语形式上与主语的单数形式一致三、就近（远）一致原则1.谓语动词的人称和数常常与最近作主语的词语保持一致常出现在这类句子中的连词有：or, not…but…； either…or…， neither…nor…， not only…but also …等Either I or they are responsible for the result of the matter.Neither the unkind words nor the unfriendly attitude has caused me any distress.2.在倒装句中谓语可与后面最近的一个主语一致In the distance was heard the clapping of hands and the shouts of the people.3.当there be 句型的主语是一系列事物时，谓语应与最邻近的主语保持一致There is a pen, a knife and several books on the desk.There are twenty boy－students and twenty－three girl－students in the class.4.当一个句子是由 there 或here引起，而主语又不止一个时，谓语通常和最靠近它的主语一致。

Here is a pen, a few envelopes and some paper in the drawer.5.在定语从句中，关系代词如果在从句中作主语，依先行词决定从句谓语动词的单复数形式；在“one of＋复数名词＋who/that/which”引导的从句结构中，从句中的动词用复数形式；但是之前有the (only)等修饰语时，则从句中的动词用单数形式Mary is the only one of the students in our school who has ever been to China.6.主语后面跟有“with, together with, except, but, like, as well as, no less than, rather than, more than, besides, along with, including, in addition to”等引起的短语，谓语动词要跟主语一致，即就远一致Mr. Green, together with his wife and children, has come to China.A woman with a baby was on the bus.Nobody but Jim and Mike was on the playground.She like you and Tom, is very tall.The girls as well as the boy have learned to speak Japanese.No one except my teachers knows anything about it.◆动词不定式、动名词以及名词性从句作主语时的主谓一致Most of what has been said about the Smiths_______also true of the Johnsons.A. are B. is C. being D. to be◆one, either, neither, each等+of+复数名词或代词作主语时的主谓一致—Each of the students, working hard at his or her lessons, ______ to goto university.—So do I. A. hope B. hopes C. hoping D. hoped◆由and连接并列主语时的主谓一致①—Did you go to the show last night?—Yeah. Every boy and girl in the area ________invited.A. were B. have 。