现在完成时的用法总结.docx

重点语法解析Past nowYesterday , wecleaned the classroom.Now , the classroom is clean becausewe have cleaned it.1. My father bought many books for me yesterday .Now , I have a lot to read because2. I saw t his film las t week.Now, I know t his film because I .3. I did my homework yes terday.Now, I can give it to the teacher because I Past nowI began to teach I have taught Englishat thisEnglish at this school five school for five years.years ago.帆 1. I am a doc tor. I began to work when I was 22.Now , I am 26. I for four years.2. We went to the USA last Monday. Today is Monday . We (stay) in the USA since last Monday.1、现在完成时：表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果， 或从过去开始一直延续到现在的动作或保存的状态，强调的是现在的情况，常用 for和since表示一段时间的状语或so far, noW, today, this week (month, year)等表示包括 现在时间在内的状语。

不能和表示过去的时间状语连用如：in 1990, lastSunday 等)例如：He has studied English for 5 years.He has studied English since 2001.注意：表过去某一时间发生的动作或状态一直延续到现在（强调现在），动作或 状态一般是延续性的，因此要用表延续性的动词或表状态的动词表示短暂时间 动作的词，如:come, go, die, marry， buy等的完成时不能与for, since等表示一段时间的 词连用也不能用于how long引导的疑问句中如不能说：He has borrowed the book for two months.（ x）但可以说：He has kept the book for 2 months.或：It has been 2 months since he borrowed the book. 或： Two months has passed since he borrowed the book. 这些瞬间动词常与它对应的可以表示时间段的词语进行互换 become—be borrow—keep buy—havebegin （start）—be on open—be open die—be deadleave--be away come--be here/in go out—be outjoin--be a member/be in begin to study--study注明：非延续性动词在否定结构中可用于现在完成时态：I haven't bought anything for two days.2、 现在完成时的结构:have / has +过去分词 否定结构：haven' t / hasf t + 过去分词 一般疑问句中:Have/Has+主语+动词的过去分词3、 一般过去时：一般过去时只表示过去的动作或状态，和现在不发生关系（即动作或状态在现在已经结束）,它可以和表示过去的时间状语连用。

现在完成时与一般过去时的区别： 现在完成时用来表示之前已发生或完成的动作或状态,其结果的确和现在有 联系动作或状态发生在过去,但它的影响现在还存在；而一般过去时表示过 去的事实,不表示和现在的关系I have just been to London. I went there last month. 我刚去过伦敦,是上个月 去的1. 过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情,强调动作；现 在完成时为过去发生的,强调过去的事情对现在的影响,强调的是影响2. 过去时常与具体的时间状语连用,而现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语 连用,或无时间状语一般过去时的时间状语:yesterday, last week, ...ago, inl980, in October, just now, 具体的时间状语共同的时间状语:this morning, tonight, this April, now, once,before, already, recently,lately 现在完成时的时间状语for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till / until, up to now, in past years, always,3. 现在完成时可表示持续到现在的动作或状态,动词一般是延续性的,如 live, teach, learn, work, study, know.过去时常用的非持续性动词有 come, go, leave, start, die, finish, become, get married 等。

举例：I saw this film yesterday. （强调看的动作发生过了I have seen this film. （强调对现在的影响,电影的内容已经知道了Why did you get up so early? Who hasn't handed in his paper? She has returned from Paris. She returned yesterday.（强调起床的动作已发生过了 （强调有卷子，可能为不公平竞争 她已从巴黎回来了她是昨天回来了He has been in the League for three years.He has been a League member for three years. He joined the League three years ago.暂行为在团内的状态可延续） （是团员的状态可持续）（三年前入团，joined为短I have finished my homework now. ---Will somebody go and get Dr. White?---He's already been sent for.句子中如有过去时的时间副词（如 yesterday, last, week, in 1960）时，不能 使用现在完成时，要用过去时。

错）Tom has written a letter to his parents last night.（对）Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night.二、动词的过去分词的规则变化1、规则动词：规则动词的过去分词的构成规则与规则动词的 过去式的构成规则相 同四点变化规则：（1 ）、一般动词，在词尾直接加“ ed ”work---worked---worked,visit---visited---visited（2）、以“ e ”结尾的动词，只在词尾加“ d ”live---lived---lived,（3 ）、以“辅音字母+ y ”结尾的动词，将"y"变为"i",再加“ ed ”study---studied---studied,cry---cried---cried（4）、重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母，先双写该辅音字母，再加 stop---stopped---stopped,drop---dropped--dropped2、不规则动词的过去式以及过去分词巧记规律：AAA：“ ed ”cost-cost-costread-read-readput—put—putlet-let-letbeat—beat—beathurt—hurt—hurtrid—rid—ridcut-cut-cutset-set-sethit-hit-hit spit-spit-spit注：原形、过去式和过去分词的词形和读音都相同的单词，结尾字母一般是t或d。

特殊：动词read的过去式和过去分词虽然词形与原形一致，read-read-read,但发音 分别是[ri:d]-[red]-[red]ABA ：（含规则动词） 有些动词的过去分词与原形是一样的:run-ran-runcome-came-comeABC：有些动词的过去分词是在原形词尾加n或leave-left-left make-made-madespell-spelt-speltwin-won-wonhold-held-held hear-heard-hearden，变成以en结尾的单词overcome-overcame-overcomebecome-became-becomeABB （含规则动词）：1.另有一些其它形式的变化have (has)-had-hadlose-lost-lostfeel-felt-feltstand-stood-stood2. 改变单词中间元音字母 sit-sat-sat (babysit) shine-shone-shone find-found-foundhang-hung (hanged)-hung (hanged)take-took-taken fall-fell-fallengive-gave-giveneat-ate-eatenwrite-wrote-writtenfreeze-froze-frozen speak-spoke-spoken ride-rode-riddenget-got-gotten (got) 特殊：am/is-was-beendo (does)-did-done see-saw-seenforget-forgot-forgotten (forgot)are-were-been,go-went-goneshow-showed-shown (showed)lie-lay (lied)-lain (lied)三、重难点词汇精讲1. Have you ever been to an amusement park?> have been to ...have been to + 地点：去过某地（已回）have been to表示“到（去）过某处”，现在已不在那个地方。

如: He has been to England. 他曾到过英国现在已经不在英国了）Have you ever been to the Great Wall？ 你到过长城吗?（现在已经不在长城上）> have gone to +地点：去了某地（未回丿have gone to表示“去了某处"，“到某处去了”，现在已不在说话的地点了 如: He has gone to England他已去英国了已经不在说话的地方，到达英国或者在去英。