地质实习报告3.doc

目录前言····················································5第一章 地层···········································6 概述 ·······································6第一节 志留纪······································6 一 高家边组···································6 二 坟头组······································6 三 茅山组······································ 6第二节 泥盆系·····································7一、 五通群·······································71、 观山组····································72、 擂鼓台组···································7 第三节 石炭系···································7一、 金陵组·······································7 二、 高骊山组·····································7 三、 和州组·······································7 四、 老虎洞组·····································7 五、 黄龙组·······································7 六、 船山组·······································8第四节 二叠系······································8一、 栖霞组·······································8 二、 孤峰组·······································8三、 龙潭组·······································8 四、 大隆组·······································8第五节 三叠系······································9一、 青龙组······································91、 湖山段·····································92、 沧波门段···································16 二、 黄马青组·····································9第六节 新近系·······································10一、 雨花台组·····································10二、 方山组······································10第二章 岩石···········································11第一节 沉积岩与沉积构造······························11一、 沉积岩·····································11 1、碳酸盐岩类·····································11 2、硅质岩类······································113、粘土岩类······································11 二、 沉积构造·····································11 1 斜层理·····································11 2 缝合线构造·································12第二节 侵入岩·······································12一、花岗岩···································12 二、闪长玢岩···································12第三节 火山岩与火山碎岩·····························12一、 火山岩····································121、 玄武岩、辉绿岩······························12 2、辉绿岩······························12二、 火山碎屑岩·································121、 火山角砾岩·································122、 火山弹····································13第三章 构造地质·······································14第一节 褶皱构造·····································14一、 孔山背斜···································14 二、 陡山向斜···································14第二节 断裂构造·····································14一、 大石碑正断层·································14 二、 棒锤山逆断层·································15 三、 陡山地垒构造·································15四、 虎丘正断层·································15 第三节 节理构造·····································15 一、剪节理·····································15 二、张节理·····································15第四章 水文地质、岩溶地质及矿产资源··················16 第一节 水文地质·····································16一、 泉········································161、 阳山泉（湖山阳山）····························162、 白云泉··································163、 第三泉···································16第二节 虎丘塔·····································16第三节 岩溶地质·····································16一、 猿人洞····································16第三节 矿产资源·····································16一、 石灰石矿···································16 二、 白云石矿····································16 三、 粘土矿·····································16 四、 燃料矿产···································16 五、 路基石料···································16 第四节 外动力地质作用·····························17 一、风化作用与地貌类型·······················17 1、花岗岩风化地貌·······························17 2、湖山地貌···································17 二、生物机械作用·····························17第五章 实习区地质发展简史···························18第一节 南京湖山地区志留纪-三叠纪地质发展史·········18第二节 南京六合方山火山活动史······················19结语···················································20参考文献···············································21 前言一、实习的目的与要求普通地质学是以获得地质现象的感性认识、培养学生野外综合观察能力、地质启蒙教学实践为目标的地质启蒙教学实践。

通过学习，让我们更深入地掌握普地理论与概念，学会野外地质工作的基本方法与技能野外地质学习有很强的实践性，在此过程中，要做到“四勤”，即腿勤（多观察）、手勤（详细记录）、嘴勤（多问）、闹亲（多思考）二、自然地理概况 南京地区位于南京东部，隶属南京市江宁区汤山镇，距南京中山门约21Km，可由沪宁高速或宁杭公路直达湖山属于丘陵地区，含有丰富的海相化石所露出的地层包括古生界志留系至二叠系，中生界三叠系和侏罗系，以及新生界第四系 南京六合方山位于南京市六合区东沟镇4km，可由宁通高速直达，距南京长江大桥约76km，六合方山为古火山 苏州地区位于京沪铁路和沪宁高速公路线上，距南京240km，距上海120km，苏州处于长江三角洲中心、太湖平原中部，地势平坦，东连上海，南邻浙江，西临太湖，境内低地主要分布于西南部三、实习概况本次实习由陵学院城资系2010级本科生和教师组成，吴俊奇任实习队队长我组带班教师为严正富2011年8月18日至9月2日实习队分别在南京湖山地区、南京六合方山以及苏州地区进行野外地质观察野外实习的主要内容分别是，实习区地层与化石、地层接触关系、岩性特征及其沉积环境；沉积岩、火成岩、变质岩的主要类型及野外肉眼鉴定方法；褶皱构造、。