生物能源与CCS联合使用（英语）.pdf

Combining Bioenergy with CCSReporting and Accounting for Negative Emissions under UNFCC and the Kyoto ProtocolInternatIonal energy agencyWORKING PAPER2011InternatIonal energy agencyWORKING PAPER2011Combining Bioenergy with CCSReporting and Accounting for Negative Emissions under UNFCC and the Kyoto ProtocolThe views expressed in this working paper do not necessarily reflect the views or policy of the International Energy Agency (IEA) Secretariat or of its individual member countries. This paper is a work in progress, designed to elicit comments and further debate; thus, comments are welcome, directed to wolf.heidug@iea.orgINTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCYThe International Energy Agency (IEA), an autonomous agency, was established in November 1974. Its primary mandate was – and is – two-fold: to promote energy security amongst its member countries through collective response to physical disruptions in oil supply, and provide authoritative research and analysis on ways to ensure reliable, affordable and clean energy for its 28 member countries and beyond. The IEA carries out a comprehensive programme of energy co-operation among its member countries, each of which is obliged to hold oil stocks equivalent to 90 days of its net imports. The Agency’s aims include the following objectives:  Secure member countries’ access to reliable and ample supplies of all forms of energy; in particular, through maintaining effective emergency response capabilities in case of oil supply disruptions.  Promote sustainable energy policies that spur economic growth and environmental protection in a global context – particularly in terms of reducing greenhouse-gas emissions that contribute to climate change.  Improve transparency of international markets through collection and analysis of energy data.  Support global collaboration on energy technology to secure future energy supplies and mitigate their environmental impact, including through improved energy efficiency and development and deployment of low-carbon technologies. Find solutions to global energy challenges through engagement and dialogue with non-member countries, industry, international organisations and other stakeholders.IEA member countries:AustraliaAustria BelgiumCanada Czech Republic Denmark Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Ireland Italy Japan Korea (Republic of) Luxembourg Netherlands New Zealand Norway Poland Portugal Slovak Republic Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey United Kingdom United StatesThe European Commission also participates in the work of the IEA.Please note that this publication is subject to specif c restrictions that limit its use and distribution. The terms and conditions are available online at www.iea.org/about/copyright.asp© OECD/IEA, 2011 International Energy Agency9 rue de la Fédération75739 Paris Cedex 15, Francewww.iea.orgCombining Bioenergy with CCS © OECD/IEA 2011 Reporting and Accounting for Negative Emissions under UNFCC and the Kyoto Protocol Page | 3 Table of Contents Acknowledgements .......................................................................................................................... 5 Executive summary........................................................................................................................... 6 Introduction ...................................................................................................................................... 8 The attraction of BECCS ............................................................................................................. 8 The potential pitfall ................................................................................................................... 8 Current reporting and accounting for CCS, biomass and BECCS ................................................... 10 Annual national GHG inventories ............................................................................................ 10 Current reporting guidance for biomass under the UNFCCC .................................................. 12 Arrangements for reporting LULUCF information under the Kyoto Protocol ......................... 13 BECCS and CDM under the Kyoto Protocol ............................................................................. 14 Future reporting and accounting for CCS and BECCS .................................................................... 15 Proposed approach for CCS ..................................................................................................... 15 Implications for BECCS ............................................................................................................. 16 Anticipated adoption date ....................................................................................................... 16 Ensuring accurate accounting for BECCS ....................................................................................... 17 Transparency in BECCS acco。